80 FRUIT GARDEN. 
common way of propagating the vine is by means of cut- 
tings, which may be made a foot or more long, with a por- 
tion of two year old wood attached. Or they may. be 
shortened to only one or two buds or eyes. Sometimes, 
instead of covering only the lower end of the cutting, and 
leaving one or more eyes above the soil, the piece of vine 
is all covered undcr, a practice called cultivating by dayers. 
Plants raised from cuttings are generally preferred. These 
should be selected a year before they are wanted, and 
transferred to very large pots, by which means they will 
be made strong rooted and vigorous. 
Another mode of raising from layers is to bend down a 
vine or shoot into a hole dug about four inches deep, and - 
cover it up firmly with eartb, leaving the growing extrem- 
ity outside. In dry weather, occasional waterings will be 
necessary. In the month of November, the layer will be 
found to have taken sufficient root to admit of being sepa- 
rated from the parent vine and planted wherever desired. 
It should be cut down so as to show about two eyes above 
the ground, only one of which should be allowed to grow 
the first year. 
Grafting is sometimes resorted to, either on the stock 
above ground, or on the main root just below the ground. 
This succeeds best when the cion has been kept in a cool 
place and kept back. Either whip, tongue, or wedge-graft- 
ing may be adopted. 
Grafting of the Grape-vine.—One of the newest prac- 
tices in horticulture is the grafting of the grape-vine with 
detached cions, as introduced by Mr. William Gowans, the 
judicious gardener at Cadder House, near Glasgow. It 
has been found perfectly successful, and very convenient, 
by some of the most distinguished practical horticulturists 
in Scotland—Mr. Macdonald at Dalkeith, Mr. Smith at 
