124 FRUIT GAnDEN. 
tain, climate makes an important difference in the culture 
and ripening of pears, of which a remarkable and extreme 
example may be seen in the Ohaumontelle—a fruit which 
is produced abundantly and ripened on standards in the 
south-west of England, and even in the environs of London, 
while it requires a south wall near Edinburgh. 
1, Harty. 
Citron des Carmes, L. Hort. Cat., 190; Madeleine, 
Lind., p. 344; in Scotland often called the Premature. 
This is the earliest pear; it ripens in July, acquiring a 
yellowish-green color; it is sweet, but without much flavor. 
One tree, or at most two trees, may suffice. It requires 
in the English climate a sheltered situation. 
The Green Chised, called also the Hastings, Pear James, 
or Green Sugar. This is not a first-rate pear; but the 
tree is hardy and a great bearer. It ripens in August. 
The Summer Rose.—A handsome round pear, of a rus- 
sety-red color, much resembling an apple, flesh white, rich 
and sugary. This is an excellent variety, succeeds on a 
standard, and ripens in August. 
The Bishop's Thumb is,a hardy orchard pear of good 
quality, and the tree is a free bearer. The fruit consider- 
ably resembles the muirfowl egg, but is earlier. 
The Jargonelle of Britain is the Grosse Cuisse Madame 
of French horticultural writers, and the Epargne and Bau- 
present of French practical gardeners. This is the most 
common and most esteemed of our early autumn pears. 
Against a wall the fruit attains a large size and a beau- 
tiful appearance; but it is not of so high a flavor as from 
standards or espalier rails. The fruit does not keep well, 
and the tree should therefore be planted in various situa- 
tions to prolong its season, as it is rather difficult, when 
