PEARS, 133 
quent renovation of the spurs. This would lead to a prefer- 
ence of the fan form, not, indeed, that which is commonly 
practiced, for in it the spurs are as immovable ag in any 
other arrangement; but rather that recommended for 
peaches, in which there is a continual renewal of the 
branches. Or, if the horizontal form, which has’ certain 
advantages, be adopted, it'should be that modification ex- 
hibited.in p. 57 6. This is the method followed by Harri- 
son in treating the Jargonell.:; ..; 
The summer pruning of established wall or espalier rail- 
trees, consists chiefly in the timely displacing, or rubbing 
off the superfluous shoots, retaining only those which are 
terminal or well placed for lateral branches. Where spurs 
are wanted on the older wood, about two inches of a fore- 
right shoot are left; and if this-be done. early, that. is, be- 
fore the shoot has become ligneous, it seldom fails to form 
fruit-buds. In horizontal training the winter pruning is 
nothing more than adjusting the leading shoots and thin- 
ning out the spurs, which should be kept close to the wall 
and: allowed: to. retain only two, or at most three buds. In 
fan-training the subordinate branches must be regulated, the 
spurs thinned out, and the young laterals which had been 
loosely nailed in during summer must:be finally established 
‘in their places. No crowding of branches should be per- 
mitted. When horizontal trees have fallen into disorder 
they. may be renovated in the mauner represented at p. 57 a, 
a procedure patronized by Mr. Knight; or all the branches 
may be cut back to within nine inches of the vertical stem 
and branch, and trained in afresh as recommended by Mr. 
Lindley. 
When some of the finer pear trees produce an abundance 
of blossom, but do not sez well, as not unfrequently hap- 
pens, artificial impregnation may be partially resorted to; 
