QUINCE. 141 
Under favorable circumstances of climate and soil, the 
apple tree. attains to great age. In Herefordshire, Eng- 
land, there are said to be trees 1,000 years old. The ordi- 
nary, or perhaps average duration of healthy trees grafted 
on crab stocks and planted in a strong tenacious soil, has 
been computed by Mr, Knight—a great English authority 
upon such subjects—at 200 years. Old trees headed down 
to standard height, the branches being topped off within a 
foot or two of the trunk, and the young shoots grafted 
upon, may thus be made productive in a very short time. 
Of American apples, the best for the English climate is 
the Boston Russet. Mr. Thompson states that the tree is 
quite hardy, very productive, and suitable for dwarf train- 
ing; the fruit juicy, with a flavor between that of the Rib- 
stone and Nonpareil, and in season from December till 
April. The Newton, or Long Island Pippin, seldom comes 
to perfection in Britain. . 
There are three kinds of the Paradise iets used by 
nurserymen for grafting upon to produce dwarf trees. The 
smallest is commonly known as the French Paradise. 
Next comes the common English Paradise, which is rather 
larger, and the largest of all the dwarf Paradise apples is 
what the French call Doucin. 
The Quince (Pyrus Cydonia), allied to the apple, is a 
native of the south of Germany. It is but little cultivat- 
ed in Britain. The fruit, which is austere when raw, is 
well calculated for giving flavor and poignancy to stewed 
or baked apples. The two principal sorts are the Portugal 
Quince and the Pear Quince, of whieh the latter is the 
most productive, while it serves the usual culinary pur- 
poses equally well as the other. Quinces may be propa- 
gated by layors, or by cuttings, or by graftings. Two or 
