THE TURNIP. 185 
successive plantings. The setting-out must be in’ beds 
about four feet apart, each bed or hill being raised nearly, 
a foot above the common level of the ground. Some make 
continuous banks four feet apart, and plant the sprouts on 
the top about a foot asunder. After planting, they have 
to be kept clean of weeds until the vines cover the ground 
and prevent further working. A shovelful of some good 
rotten manure, street dirt, or light compost, should be put 
into each hill previous to putting out the sets. 
JeRvusaLEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus) or tuber- 
ous-rooted sunflower.—This plant, which is a native of 
Brazil, derives its epithet Jerusalem from a corruption of 
the Italian Girasole, sunflower, and Artichoke, from the 
resemblance, in flavor, which its tubers bear to the floral 
receptacles or bottoms of the artichoke. It is propagated 
by means of its tubers in the manner of potatoes. In 
March they are planted out in rows three or four feet asunder, 
and in autumn the new tubers are fit for use. For the 
sake of convenience, it is advantageous to store them, 
though the roots are hardy enough to bear the winter 
frosts. Some, indeed, allow them to remain in the ground, 
and dig them up when required. In this way a sufficient 
number of sets are generally left in the ground, and the 
stalks are thinned into rows in summer; but this is a 
slovenly mode of treatment, and seldom produces well- 
flavored crops. 
The Turnip (Brassica Rapa), like the potato, has, to a 
great extent, migrated into the fields, and become the care 
of the husbandman more than of the gardener. The fol- 
lowing are the most esteemed garden sorts in England : 
