Handbook ok Trees of the Northern States and Canada. 419 



d Oblong ; scales S-12, oblong, each bearing 2 equally 2-winged seeds. 



d^ Subglobose, with peltate scales each bearing 2 seeds and maturing in one season. 

 „ Chamaecyparis. 



c- Berry, formed by the coalescence of the fleshy scales of the flower.. Juniperus. 



THE PINES. Genus PINUS L. 



The Pines are trees and a few shrubs of the northern hemisphere and chiefly of temperate 

 regions. Many of its representatives are of greatest economic value. About eighty species 

 are recognized of which thirty-four are natives of the United .States, teu being represented 

 in the northeastern states. 



Leaves evergreeu, needle-shaped, from slender buds, in clusters of 2-.5 together (solitary 

 m one species), from the a.xils of scale-like primary leaves each cluster invested at its base 

 with a sheath of thin, membranous scales. Floucm appearing in spring, monojcious. Nterile 

 fluwcra in catkins, clustered at the base of the shoots of the season : stamens numerous with 

 very short filaments and a scale-like connective; anther-cells, 2, opening lengthwise; pollen 

 grains triple. Feriile flowers in conical or cylindrical spikes — cones — consisting of 

 imbricated, carjiellary scales, each in the axil of a persistent bract and bearing at its base 

 within a pair of inverted ovules. Fruit maturing in the autumn of the second year, a cone 

 formed of the imbricated carpellary scales, which are woody, often thickened or awned at the 

 apex, persistent, when ripe dry and spreading to liberate the two nut-like and usually winged 

 seeds ; cotyledons 3-12 linear. 



The name is a Latin word from Celtic pin or pen, a crag. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 

 Leaves in clusters of 



a Five ; cones with thin unarmed scales P. Strobus. 



a- Three ; cones with scales thickened at apex and armed with a prickle ; cones 

 b Subterminal and deciduous above the basal scales 



c Four to six inches long, heavy: buds brown P. ponderosa scopulornm. 



c- Si-x to ten inches long, not heavy; buds white P. palustris, 



b' Lateral and symmetrical; cones 



c Long-ovoid with stout prickles; leaves 6-9 in. long. . P. Taeda. 

 c^ Ovoid with slender prickles ; leaves 



Three to five inches long P. rigida. 



Six to eight inches long P. serotina. 



a' Two ; cones 



b Subterminal ; scales thickened and unarmed P. resinosa. 



V Lateral ; scales 



c Unarmed, or with very weak or deciduous prickles ; cones small, incuived. 



F. divaricata. 

 c^ Armed with 



d Slender prickles ; leaves 



e Three to four in. long P. ecbinata. 



e- One to two in. long P. Virginiana. 



d^ Very thick stout spines P. pungens. 



For species see pp. 2-19 and the foUoiring : 



Long-leaf Pine, F. palustris Mill. An important timber tree of the southern states and 

 has been reported as occurring very sparingly as far north as southeastern Virginia. Leaves 

 8-18 in. long, dark green, densely tufted at the ends of the branchlets, arranged in ?, s, with 

 persistent sheaths. Floivers: staminate rose-purple; pistillate close to the apex of the shoot. 

 Fruit: cones cylindric-ovoid, 6-10 in, long, somewhat curved, subsessile, with scales thickened 

 near apex by a transverse ridge and bearing a short recurved prickle ; cones deciduous within 

 the base, a few basal scales being left attached to the stem ; seeds about % in. long with long 

 wing very oblique at apex. 



Pond I'ine, P. serotina Michx. A tree of the southern states required to be mentioned 

 here only from the fact that its northernmost representatives are said to have been found in 

 southeastern Virginia, where, however, it is very scarce. Leaves in 3 s, 6-8 in. long, rather 

 slender, glaucous, stomatose all sides. Fruit: cones lateral, subglobose to ovoid, 2-21/2 in. long, 

 subsessile, scales thickened at apex and bearing a minute prickle ; seeds about % in. long, 

 including wing ■;4 in. long. 



THE LARCHES OE TAMARACKS. Genus LARIX. Adanson. 



a genus of nine species of trees of northern and mountainous regions of the northern 



hemisphere producing durable and valuable lumber and other products. Three representatives 



are North American, two inhabiting the western side of tlie continent and one the eastern. 



Leaves awl-shaped, three-angled (or four-angled in Lnrix Lyalii). soft, deciduous, in 

 clusters of many each from lateral scaly spurs, excepting on the shoots of the season where they 



