4-0 C'0.^;JFKI!.K. 



apppiii' singly, remdt'.' and in spiral nniingpment. Floirrrx appoai-ing with tlip leaves; the 

 staminate solitary, gjobose, yellow, terminating lateral sialy Inids or spnrs on the growths 

 of previous seasons; anthers numeron.s. spiially arranged, L'-celled with pointed connectives; 

 pollen grains simple, globular; pistillate Howers pinkish gleeu with stalked s<'ales in the axils 

 of longer scarlet bracts and each bearing two ovules. Fruit and ovoid-oblong erect short- 

 stnlked cone, maturing the first season, with thin concave scales smallest and sterile near the 

 ends; seeds nearly triangular and shorter than their wings; cotyledons six. 

 The name is the classical Latin name of the Larch. 



For spcricx sec pp. '2il-21. 



THE SPRUCES. Genus PICEA Link. 



Tliis genus consists of eighteen species of tiees confined to the north temperate and 

 subarctic regions, sometimes forming extensive tracts of valuable forests, Seven species are 

 natives of North America, three in the Atlantic states, one is confined to the heart of the 

 Itocky Mountains and the others mainly to the Pacific slope, 



Lcurrx linear, 4-sided and stomatiferous all sides (in the eastern species) or flattened 

 and stomatiferous mostly on the upper side, scattered and pointing outward and toward the 

 end of the twig but simetimes appearing 2-ranked by a twist in those of the lower side, 

 articulated to prominent persistent bases. Floirers tei-minal in the axils of upper leaves ; 

 staminate long-stalked, on the branchlets of the previous year ; anthers with produced rounded 

 connective and cells opening lengthwise : pistillate oblong, each scale in the axis of a bract 

 and bearing two ovules at its base. Fruit ovoid or cylindrical cones, pendent mostly from 

 the ui)pern]ost branches, maturing the first year with thin unarmed persistent scales and small 

 not exserted bracts; seed pointed-ovoid with ample membranous wiug ; cotyledons four to 

 sixteen. 



J'icca is the classical Latin name of the Spruce. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 

 a Branchlets glabrous, glaucous ; cones oblong-cylindric and scales 



b Narrow, elongated and erose at apex; leaves rigid and spinescent. , . , P. Parryana. 



b' Wide and entire at apex ; leaves soft and flexible P. Canadensis. 



a.- Branchlets pubescent, brownish ; cones 



b Ovate-oblong, with very short slightly, if at all, incurved stalks, subentii-e scales and 



dark yellowish green foliage P. rubens. 



b- Ovate with incurved stalks and erose-margined scales ; leaves blue-green, 



P. Mariana. 

 For .spccicfi .^cc pp. 22-20. 



THE HEMLOCKS. Genus TSUGA Carr. 



Tall somewhat pyramidal trees of the temperate regions of North America, -Japan, China 

 and the Himilaya Jlountains, with horizontal and drooping branches, slender twigs and 

 graceful flat sprays of foliage. Seven species are known of which four are inhabitants of 

 North America, two of the Atlantic and two of the Pacific states. 



Lcarcs linear. short-])etiolate and articulated to persistent bases, flat in most species, 

 mostly appearing 2-ranked by a twist in the base of the leaf and white stomatose beneath 

 (but not 2-ranked and stomatose both above and below in one si)ecies) with a single dorsal 

 vesin-duct, evergreen. Fhiircn; in middle spring, mono'cious ; the sterile subglobose clusters 

 ■of stamens from the axils of the leaves of the previous year ; the stipes surrounded by 

 numerous bud-scales ; anthers tipped with a short spur or knob and cells opening transversely ; 

 pistillate aments terminal on the branchlets of the previous year, erect ; bracts somewhat 

 .shorter than the scales. 



Tsur/a is the .lapanese name of the Hciiilocl-trcc. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES, 

 'Cones less than I in. long, with orbicular scales expanding but little at maturity. 



T. Canadensis. 

 Cones more than 1 in. long with oblong scales widely divergent at maturity. 



T. Caroliniana. 

 For spccicfi sec pp. SO-3.1. 



THE FIRS. Genus ABIES Link. 



Trees of generally strict pyramidal habit of growth with branches in whorls and bark 

 o£ trunks when young containing numerous resin-vesicles. There are twenty-four known 

 species, all n.itives of the northern hemisphere and chiefly of northern regions. Ten are 

 found in North America north of Jlexico. eight in the Pacific coast and Rocky Mountain 

 regions and two in the Atlantic states. 



