Haa'db(.)Ok (IF Tee.es of the Noethekn States and Canada. 4l'1 



Lriirrx sessile, those of young tfees and sterile branches usually flat (four-sided in Ahics 

 mariiiifica) rounded or emarginate at apex, centrally grooved above, spirally arranged, but 

 generally appearing 2-ranked by a twist in their bases and stomatiferous only below ; leaves 

 of leading shoots and fertile branches crowded, incurved and more or less quadrangular, obtuse 

 or acute at apex, and sometimes stomatiferous above, persistent for eight or ten years and 

 when falling away leaving a circular Hat scar; resin-ducts 2; branch-buds usually resin 

 coaled. IVoircis from the axils of the leaves of the previous year and confined to the upper 

 branches : the staminate in abundance on the lower side of brauchlets, oblong with stipe, 

 surrounded at base with bud scales; anther-cells 2, extrorse, opening transversely and con- 

 nective terminating in a knob : pistillate flowers erect on upper side of branchlet and usually 

 only those of the topmost branches, globose or cylindrical-oblong ; scales numerous, imbricated 

 and shorter than their mncronate bracts. Coiics erect, ovoid to cylindrical-oblong, maturing 

 the first year, with numerous broad thin imbricated scales, each bearing 2 seeds and springing 

 from the axil of a thin membranous bract which with the scale and seeds falls away at 

 maturity from the straight persistent axis ; seed furnished with resin vesicles and a large 

 membranous oblique wing at apex; cotyledons 4-1(1, shorter than radicle. 



Abies is the ancient Latin name of the Fir-tree. 



KEY TO THE SI'ECIES. 



Bracts of cones shorter than their scales and inclosed A. lialsainea. 



Bracts of cones much longer than their scales and reflexed A. Fraseri. 



For species see pp. 3Ji-3T. 



THE BALD CYPRESS. Genus TAXODIUM Rich. 



The genus Ta,rodii:m consists of two or three species of lesinous trees of great economic 

 value and polymorfic habits of growth. One is found on the table-lands of Mexico and indi- 

 viduals of this species are remarkable for their enormous size and age. 



Leaves deciduous in our species, spirally arranged and of two sorts, viz., flat linear- 

 lanceolate and spreading so as to appear 2-ranked, smooth, pale, and with obscure midrib and 

 stomatose beneath ; and scale-like and appressed. Floicers appearing in early spring before 

 the leaves, unisexual fi-om buds formed the previous year ; the staminate numerous in long 

 terminal drooping panicled spikes with (i-8 stamens having broad yellow peltate connectives and 

 2-valved anthers ; pistillate aments ovoid and appearing singly or few together near the ends of 

 brauchlets of the previous year and consisting of a few bractless scales each with a pair of 

 ovules at its base. Cones globose or nearly so, short-stalked, maturing the first year; scales 

 thick woody, rhomboidal, valvate, and bearing each two seeds and large glands filled with liquid 

 resin; seeds irregularlv triangular-pyramidal, with coriaceous or woody coat; cotyledons 4-1). 



The name Ta.rodiuui is from Greek words indicating the resemblance of the leaves to those 



of Ike Yew-tiee. 



For species see pp. 3S-30. 



THE ARBOE-VIT^S. Genus THUYA L. 



Important evergreen trees of few species with very durable wood, pyramidal head, resinous 

 juice and handsome frond-like flat 2-ranked sprays of foliage. They are confined to the 

 northern regions of Noi'th America, Japan and eastern Asia. Two are Xorth American, one 

 a valuable timber-tree of the Pacific slope and the other widely distributed in the Atlantic 

 states and Canada. 



Leiircs small decussate, closelv imbricated in 4 ranks, .scale-like, stomatiferous and 

 rounded or slightly keeled on the back, those on ultimate shoots obtuse and compressed forming 

 •I flat sprav and 'those on larger twigs more spreading and acute or subulate on seedlings. 

 F(oi'-ccs' verv small monoecious, terminal, the two sexes usually on different brancnlets , stami- 

 nate sub°-Iobo'e with 4-(j opposite filaments having peltate connectives bearing each 4-6 anthei-- 

 cells- nistillate with S-12 opposite scales each with 2 erect ovules. Cones small, ovoid-oblong, 

 matu'rino- the first season, with few thin oblong leathery scales thickened at apex and only 

 the " oi"a middle pairs fertile; seeds usually 2 at the base of each scale, oblong, compressed 

 and nsuallv with lateral wings not united at apex; cotyledons 2. ,. -, , t ■ 



Tlniiju is the ancient Greek name of some coniferous tree and applied by Linnaeus to 



this genus. . ,nii 



For species see pp. Vl-.'fl. 



THE COAST CEDARS. Genus CHAMiECYPARIS Spach. 



Tall evergreen pyramidal trees with resinous .iuice. fragrant valuable wood, foliage in 

 flat open fan-like sprays with some of the brauchlets deciduous. A half dozen species are 

 known confined to North America, Japan and Formosa, with many abnormal forms due to 

 the gardener's art. Of the North American species two are confined to the Pacific and one to 

 the Atlantic coast regions. 



