Handbook of Trees of the Noethebn States and Canada. 433 



of the upper leaves; calyx deeply 5-T-lobed, deeiduous : stamens incurved in the bud and in 

 the stammate flowers erect and exserted. those of the perfect flowers remaining short, 

 ovary sessile, ovoid and crowned by two diverging rettexed styles, stigmatic on the inner faces ; 

 ovule anatropous. Fruit a sub-globose drupe, with tirin skin, thin sweetish flesh and bony 

 or rugose pit ; seed with curved embryo and scanty albumen. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Leaves sharply and coarsely serrate C. occidentalis. 



Leaves entire or nearly so C. Mississippiensis. 



For species see pp. 192-105. 



MULBEREY FAMILY. MORACE/E. 



Trees, shrubs and herbs of over nine hundred species, generally with milky juice and 



natives of temperate and tropical regions. They are grouped in fifty-four genera of which 



four are represented in North American trees, three being indigenous and the fourth a 



naturalized species. 



Leaves conduplicate or involute in tjie bud. petiolate, alternate, deciduous, with caducous 

 stipules inclosing the leaf in the bud. Floicers monojcious or ditpcious, small, in ament-like 

 spikes or heads, from the axils of caducous bud-scales or of the lower leaves of the shoots 

 of the season: calyx S-S-lobed or parted; corolla none; stamens 1 to 4. inserted on the 

 ba.ses of {he calyx-lobes; ovary superior. 1-2-celled ; styles 1-2; ovules solitary, anatropous 

 and pendulous. Fruit an aggregation of drupelets, each inclosed in the thick' fleshy calyx. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 



Both staminate and pistillate flowers in spikes ; leaves dentate and lobed ; compound fruit 



oblong Morns. 



Staminate flowers racemose ; pistillate capitate 



I-eaves crenate-serrate. velvety and on vigorous shoots, lobed Broussonetia. 



Leaves entire, glabrous, not lobed Toxylom. 



THE MULBERRIES. Genus MORUS L. 



Trees of eight or ten species, with milky juice and mostly of the tropical and north 

 tennjerate regions of both hemispheres. Two are indigenous to the United States, one being 

 found along the Mexican frontier and the other in most of the Atlantic states. A third 

 is a species introduced from Japan and eastern Asia and extensively naturalized in eastern 

 United States. 



Leai<s serrate-dentate and sometimes .3-.5-lobed or mitten-shaped, all forms often on 

 the same tree, 3-nerved at bate. Flowers small, appearing with the unfolding of the leaves 

 or soon after; the staminate in cylindrical, pedunculate ament-like spikes; calyx deeply 

 i-lobed ; stamens 4, opposite the cnlyx lobes, inflexed in the bud, straightening out elastically 

 (thereby scattering the pollen) ancl becoming exserted; anthers 2-celled, introrse, longitud- 

 inally dehi.scent : pistillate flowers sessile, in shorter compact spikes; calyx 4-parted. with 

 tliick persistent lobes enveloping the flattened ovoid ovary which is crowned with two white 

 spreading stigmas. Fruit a blackberry-like aga-regation of drupelets (sincarp), each tipped 

 ivith the remnants of the styles and formed by the nutlet enveloped by the succulent enlarged 

 and colored calyx ' seed pendulous with curved embryo and scanty albumen. 



Morus is the ancient Latin name of the iliilberrii-trce. 



KEY TO THE PPECIES. 



Leaves rough above, pubescent beneath ; fruit purple M. rubra. 



Leaves glabrous or nearly so both sides ; fruit usually white M. alba. 



For species see pp. 196-199. 



THE PAPER MULBERRY. Genus BROUSSOXETIA \'ent. 



Trees and shrubs of three or four species with milky juice and natives of eastern Asia, 

 one species being widely naturalized in eastern United States. 



Leaves both alternate and opposite, entire or toothed, serrate, without lobes or variously 

 1-5-lobed, petioled, .S-nerved at base. Flowers d'cecious. staminate in cylindrical nodding 

 ament-like spikes; calyx 4-parted; stamens 4; pistillate flowers capitate with tubular perianth, 

 stalked ovary and 2-cleft style. Fruit in a globular head and nutlet exserted with enlarged 

 led fleshy stipe and perianth. 



Named in honor of T. N. Y. Broussonet. a French naturalist. 

 For species see pp. 200-201 . ' 

 28 



