434 Magnoliace.e. 



THE OSAGE ORANGE. Genus TOXYLON Rafinesoue. 



A genus of a single American speeics. A tree with deeply furrowed orange-brown barU 



and slightly aerid milky juice. 



Leaves involute in the bud. broad-ovate to obloug and oblong-lanceolate, rounded, obtuse 

 or subcordate at base, acuminate, entire, piunately veined, the veins arcuate and united near 

 the margin, whitish tomentose at first but finally lustrous dark green above, duller and 

 conspicuously reticulate-veined beneath, turning bright yellow in autumn ; petioles rather 

 long, terete; stipules triangular, small, caducous; brauchlets armed with sharp axillary 

 spines. Fioinys in late sirring after the unfolding of the leaves, dio?cious. light gieen ; tlie 

 staminate in long-pedMnculate subglobose heads from the axils of crowded leaves on short 

 lateral spurs; pedicels slender; calyx 4-lohed to the m'ddle. stamens 4, opposite the calyx 

 lobes, incurved in the bud and elastically straightening and becoming exserted ; anthers 2-celled; 

 pistillate flowers in dense globose heads, sessile or with short peduncles in the axils of the 

 leaves on the shoots of the year ; calyx divided to the base with thick concave persistent 

 lobes closely investing the ovary, the two outer lobes the largest; ovary ovoid, compressed, 

 tipped with a long filiform style and containing a single anatropous suspended ovule. Frtiit 

 a globose yellowish green aggregation of elongated drupelets, each consisting of a nutlet 

 enveloped by the enlarged fleshy calyx, the tips of the lobes of which form the roughened 

 surface of the fruit. 



For spcrics sec pp. 202-203. 



Division 2. POI.YPETAtiE. 



Flowers with both calyx and corolla (or without corolla in Liquidamhar, HamumrUt:. 

 some species of Acer, and some extra-limital species) and the corolla consisting of separate 

 petals. 



MAGNOLIA FAMILY. MAGNOLIACE^. 



Trees and shrubs of ten genera and about seventy species, with bitter aromatic bark, 



watery juice, and thick rootlets. Of the ten genera four are represented in North America, 



and of these two are arborescent, both trees of the Atlantic states. 



Lcavts alternate, petiolate, pinnately-veined, with minute transparent dots, conduplicate 

 and inclosed by their stipules in the bud. Floirers large, solitary, terminal, perfect, 

 pedunculate, and inclosed in the bud in a stipular caducous sheath ; sepals and petals gener- 

 ally colored alike, imbricated in the bud, hypogenous, deciduous; stamens and pistils numerous, 

 imbricated and inserted on an elongated receptacle, the stamens beneath the pistils ; ovules 

 two, anatropous. Fruit compound, composed of numerous 1-2-seeded follicles or samerse 

 massed together. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 



Carpels at maturity fleshy, dehiscent, persistent ; leaves entire ; anthers introrse. 



Magnolia. 

 Carpels dry, indehiseent. deciduous ; leaves lobed ; anthers extrorse Liriodendron. 



THE MAGNOLIAS. Genus MAGNOLIA L. 



Trees of about twenty species confined to eastern North America. Mexico, eastern Asia. 

 and the Himalayas. Seven species are indigenous to the United States and several Asiatic 

 species, blossoming before the appearance of the leaves, are introduced for ornamental pur- 

 poses but so far as we know none of these have become naturalized. 



Leaves generally large, entire and deciduous or persistent, Floircrs (in the American 

 species) appearing after the leaves; sepals three, spreading; petals six to twelve, concave, 

 in series of three each ; stamens early deciduous, with very short filaments and linear 2-celled 

 intrors anthers, and apieulate connectives; ovary sessile, 1-celled, with 2 horizontal ovules 

 and recurved style. Fruit a reddish succulent cone-shaped or cucumber-shaped mass of 

 coalescenr persistent follicles, each dehiscent at maturity along its dorsal suture and liberating 

 one or two large scarlet drupe-like compressed seeds, suspended by an extensile thread of 

 uncoiled spii-al vessels ; embryo minute at the base of fleshy albumen. 



Genus named in honor of Pirre Magnol. Prof, of Botany at Montpelier in the 17th 

 century. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 

 a Leaves deciduous, thin 



h Buds silky-tomentose ; leaves 



Oblong, mostly rounded or obtuse at base M. acuminata. 



Obovate, auriculafe at base M. macropliylla. 



b* Buds glabrous ; leaves obovate or oblanceolate 



Cuneate at base M. tripetala. 



Auriculafe at base M. Fraseri. 



a' Leaves subpersistent, thick, rigid ; buds silky pubescent M. glauca. 



For species see pp. 20.'/-213. 



