Ha-Mjbook of Tkees of the N^oetiiern States axd C'a.xada. 447 



V Before the leaves ia vei-y early spring, in fascicles from lateral buds: fruit ripening- ia 

 eariy summer 

 c Flowers subsessile, without petals; ovary tomentose ; leaves deeply lobed. 



- T^, ■ , ,. A. saccharinum. 



c- 1' lowers with pedicels and petals; overy glabrous; leaves not deeply lobed and 



lilabrous or nearly -"so beneath A. rubrum. 



y^'te-tomentose beneath [ , ,', A. Drummondii. 



a i innately compound ; flowers dicecious A. Negumdo. 



For species see pp. J.,V/-337, and the following 



DRUitMONn JIaple — .1 ccr nrummondii H. & A.; A. riihrum var. Drninmondii Sarg. A 

 large^ tree inhabiting deep river swamps of the Gulf states from Georgia to Texas and up the 

 Mississippi ^ alley to southeastern Missouri, where in a limited area it is found within th.' 

 territory covered by this work. Leaves 3-lobed, or sometimes partially 5-lobed with short broad 

 acute or acuminate nearly entire lobes, cordate or rounded at base, thick and densely hoary- 

 tomentose beneath, as are the petioles and all new growth. Floirers scarlet, in dense lateral 

 clusters, expanding before the leaves, with pedicels and petals. Fniit ripening in March oi- 

 April with or before the expanding of the leaves, bright scarlet samaras IVi-SMi iu- long with 

 Wings i/o-S/i in. broad and with slender pedicels 1-2 in. long. 



HORSE-CHESTNUT FAMILY. HIPPOCANTANACE^ T. and G. 



Trees and a few shrubs with ill-scented bark, large branchlets and buds, and of about 



eighteen species natives of North America and Asia and grouped in two genera, Ac.ieulns and 



Billia, the latter a genus of Mexico and Central America. 



Leaves^ deciduous, opposite, petiolate. digitately compound, with 3-9 serrate leaflets, and 

 without stipules. Floirers appearing after the leaves, conspicuous, polygamous, in showy 

 terminal cymes or panicles, only the lowermost flow-ers generally fertile; pedicel jointed; calyx 

 campanulate with 5 unequal lobes, imbricated in the bud ; petals 4--'5, unequal, clawed ; disk 

 hypogenous, annular; stamens .5-8. usually 7. unequal with elongated filiform filaments and 

 introrse 2-celled anthers longitudinally dehiscent; ovary sessile, .S-celled, with 2 ovules in each 

 cell ; style slender, elongated, curved, and with terminal stigma. Fruit a coriaceous S-valved 

 1-2-seeded capsule, loculicidally dehiscent ; seeds large, round or irregularly himispherical with 

 smooth shining brown coat, large pale hilum, large thick unequal cotyledons, 2-leaved plumule 

 and remaining underground in germination. 



THE BUCKEYES AND HORSE-CHESTNUT. Genus ^SCULUS L. 



A genus of ten or twelve species of which four native and one naturalized are represented 

 among the trees of America. The characters are those of the family. 



The name is the classical name of a kind of oak and transferred to this genus. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



a Flowers white; winter buds resin-coated; leaflets mostly 7 A. Hippocastanum. 



a^ Flowers vellow ; winter buds not resin-coated ; leaflets mostly 5 ; stamens 



Longer than petals ; capsules spiny at least when young A. glabra. 



Shorter than petals ; capsules quite smooth A. octandra. 



For species see pp. 33S-3Ji3. 



SOAPBERRY FAMILY. SAPINDACE^ R. Br. 



Trees, shrubs and a few vines with watery juice and chiefly confined to the tropics of the 

 Old World. Over a thousand species are known grouped in about twenty genera. Of thfv 

 arborescent genera four are represented in the United States, all southward. 



Leaves alternate in the American representatives, petiolate, pinnately or palmately com- 

 pound, without stipules. Floirers regular or sliglitly irregular, polygamous. dia?cious ; caly.\- 

 4-5-lobed or divided, imbricated in the bud; petals 4-.), imbricated; disk annular, fleshy; stamens 

 usuallv 5-KI inserted on the disk; anthers introrse, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent; ovarv 

 solitary, w-ith 2-4 lobes and cells or entire; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell; styles terminal. Fruit 

 a drupe or capsule with small solitary seed and containing no albumen. 



THE SOAPBERRIES. Genus SAPIXDUS L. 



Trees and shrubs of wide distribution mainly in tropical regions and most abundant in 

 Asia. Their fruits contain a saponaceous juice which makes a lather in, water, like soap, 

 for wdiich they are sometimes used as a substitute. The horny seeds of some species are used 

 for beads and buttons. About forty species are known of which three are found in southern 

 United States, one ranging as far north as southern Missouri. 



