INTRODUCTION. XXVli 
at Barford Rosa mollissima, Orobanche elatior Sutt., O. minor, 
Pieris hieracioides, Vulpia myuros. At Horley Chrysosplenium 
oppositifoliwm occurs. Hanwell plantations yield many semi- 
naturalised plants, and the district round affords Scirpus syl- 
vaticus, Hypericum pulchrum, Veronica officinalis, Valeriana 
dioica, Pedicularis sylvatica, Orchis latifolia, Nardus stricta, 
Ophioglossum, etc. On Epwell heath occur Digitalis, Orobus 
tuberosus, Ulex nanus. Shutford has several interesting plants, 
including Parnassia and Menyanthes, both very rare in North 
Oxford. Filago minima occurs at Crouch hill, near which 
also is Lithospermum officinale : Cephalanthera pallens is found 
in a spinney at the extreme north of the county. Bretch, near 
Banbury, on an outlier of the Oolite, yields a characteristic oolitic 
flora, strangely contrasting with that of the surrounding country, 
in Alsine tenuifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, 
Astragalus glycyphyllus, Spirea Filipendula, Echium, Allium 
vineale, Trifolium striatum, T. arvense, T. scabrum, Torilis 
nodosa, Hieractum Pilosella, Campanula glomerata, Myosotis 
collina, Saxifraga granulata, Carex precoz and Triglochlin 
palustre. 
The Cherwell itself is bordered by Butomus, and Nitella 
opaca has been found in it with Potamogeton natans, com- 
pressus, pusillus, etc. Clattercut reservoir has Alopecurus 
fulvus, Nasturtium terrestre. 
The scenery to the west of Banbury. is very varied, and its 
flora, though fragmentary, the district being highly cultivated, 
is fairly representative. Among the plants which ought to 
be found are Hypocheris glabra and Equisetum syluvaticum, 
while systematic work would repay the investigator. 
4. The Ray or Lower Cherwell district is about 13 miles 
long, from Somerford in the north, to Oxford in the south, 
and 12 wide, from Sturdy’s Castle to Piddington. On the 
north it is bounded by the arbitrary line running from Duns- 
tew, easterly to Somerford, whence it extends south of the Ouse 
district to the Bucks border near Goddington Hall. It then 
follows the county boundary southwards, by West Stan Hill, 
Piddington, Muswell hill, Arncott hill, Bourstall lane, to 
Studley, striking off thence in a south-westerly direction, 
between Blackwater and Stanton wood, to the Coralline oolite 
