292 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 
Eng. Bot. Hinksey, Morison (?) ustulata probably. Bucks, Loud- 
water, Fawler. Herts. 
0. Simia. Lam. Monkey Orchis. 
O. tephrosanthos, Vill. O. macra, Lind. 
Top. Bot. 388. Syme, E. B. ix. 96. 1453, not very good. Nym. 690. 
Bx. 213, from a Maple Durham specimen. 
Native. Woods on the chalk downs. Extremely rare. P. Second 
and third week in May. Nearly extirpated. 
First record, some specimens of the flowers only in the Dillenius herb., 
collected about 1740, but not distinguished there from militaris. 
7. Thames. Caversham Hill, Sir Joseph Banks, 1778, in Hb. Br. Mus.; 
also 1796, Mr. Lamb, an unpublished sketch in Sowerby apparently 
made from this specimen, Also col. J. Bicheno, see Trans. Linn. 
Soe. 1818. Among bushes on the rising ground to the west of the 
great chalk-pit near Caversham, facing the Thames, J. Bicheno. 
On Ridgeway Hill, Maple Durham, Dr. Lamb in Walk. Cavers- 
ham chalk-pit, May 22,1835. Fir Copse and Straw Hill, Maple 
Durham, F. Witts, Esq., Bu. Br. Pl. Baxter says he and Mr. 
Witts compared a series of O. militaris and Simia brought in 
flower from Goring, and they were able to trace a regular gradation 
from the broad, dilated rounded lobes of militaris, to the long 
narrow strap-shaped ones of tephrosanthos. From this cireum- 
stance he was inclined to believe that they constituted only one 
species; Bx. Pl. 213. It varies with white flowers, and Sir W. J. 
Hooker says that some specimens communicated by Mr. Bicheno 
had the flowers with two spurs, two opposite horizontal lips, and 
two opposite sepals. Edges of fields between Goring and Maple 
Durham. Babington says, ‘Helmet dark purple; it was pure white 
in all the specimens found. Neither this nor militaris appears now 
to grow in the vicinity of Caversham, J. 7. Syme, Phyt. iv. 861. 
In the Second Edition of Syn. of Brit. Fl., Dr. Lindley says, ‘I have no 
doubt of this (the Oxon plant) the 0. tephrosanthos of Bicheno being alto- 
gether distinct from the species so called by continental writers. It is 
true that militaris and tephrosanthos are so very variable in the form of 
their lip that it is a matter of some doubt whether they are distinct from 
each other, but the characteristic marks of 0. macra are quite of another 
kind; independent of its more slender habit, narrow few flowered spikes 
and bluntish leaves, it is quite remarkable for the exceedingly large cells 
of the tissue of lip which project and have a watery appearance as if the 
whole surface were covered with crystalline warts, the lip is moreover 
destitute of the hispid line which invariably runs through its centre in all 
the varieties of either 0. militaris or tephros I have examined. I have 
not met with this species in Continental collections.’ 
