12 INTRODUCTION. 



Showing that nearly 40 per cent, of the milk cows ; nearly 80 

 per cent, of the working oxen, and upwards of 50 per cent, of 

 "other cattle '' were owned in the Southern States, including 

 Missouri. Of "other cattle," however, 2,733,267, or nearly 

 one-third, belonged to the single State of Texas, where enor- 

 mous numbers of semi-wild animals rove over the wide plains 

 and savannas of its extensive territory, but of far less value per 

 head, (probably not exceeding one-half,) than those under the 

 same denomination in the other Southern States. So, also, of 

 their mUk cows, which were 598,086 in number, or about 

 eighteen per cent, of the whole ; and as of these cows probably 

 three-fourths of them are as untamed as their " other cattle," 

 and devoted only to the production and rearing of young stock, 

 they cannot be denominated as "mUk cows" proper, as they 

 are in most other of those States ; and are, therefore, of about 

 the same proportionate value as "other cattle," with which 

 they range. The working oxen of Texas, (172,243 in number,) 

 devoted to labor purposes, we let stand. 



Excluding, therefore, the Texan herds — working oxen also — 

 as less valuable than those of the other States at large, we class 

 them separately; and calling the aggregate stock of all the 

 Southern States now what they were at the last census — the 

 waste of the war taken from what would be the natural increase 

 in times of uninterrupted agricultural advancement — we may 

 now put the numbers of the whole South as they were in 1860, 

 deducting Texas, viz.: 



Milk Cows, 2,707,867 



Working Oxen, 1,560,989 



Other Cattle, 4,949,368 



The natural increase of the cattle of the Northern States, 

 including Maryland and Delaware, not much disturbed by the 

 war, counting it as from the increase from the years 1850 and 



