194 AMERICAN CATTLE. 



5th. Good temper, and a kindly, docile disposition in the 

 animals so selected or reared for breeding, or other purposes. 



To carry out these rules, an enumeration of certain points 

 which all cattle, of any breed, should possess, is necessary. 

 Among them are : 



1st. A fine head, small and lean. 



2d. A broad, full and deep chest, giving room for well- 

 developed and vigorous lungs to play. 



3d. Good length, breadth and roundness of body, roomy 

 and full from shoulder to hip, with low flanks, thus giving room 

 for abundant action of the viscera, or bowels, and expansion for 

 the foetus, if in a female. 



4th. Straight back, broad hips, and good length of loin. 



5th. Fineness of bone, and smoothness in the carcass gen- 

 erally. 



All these are indispensable, whether in an animal bred for 

 propagating its kind, for flesh solely, an ox for labor, or a cow 

 for milk. The intermediate parts, or points of the animals, may 

 be filled out to promote the objects desired for the particular uses 

 to which the creature is to be applied; but all which we 

 have enumerated, are indispensable .in making up a good animal. 

 Any one adopting a particular breed, may refer to the de- 

 scriptions and portraits already given, to ascertain the chief 

 points necessary to possess in his beast, and they need not 

 here be repeated. 



To the rules, and their sub-divisions, here laid down, relating 

 to the general figure of the animal, are to be added certain 

 requisites to be supplied by the breeder, and of these may be 

 named as indispensable : 



1st. Abundance of proper food in the various seasons, as 

 grass, or its equivalent, in spring, summer and autumn; nutri 

 tious, well-cured and prepared food in winter; and plenty of good 

 water always. 



