300 AMERICAN CATTLE. 



may become of immense value to future cattle herds; but of them 

 too little is, as yet known, to speak definitely. 



FULL FEED AND WATER. 



For the greatest benefit to grazing stock, the pasturage should 

 always be abundant. "When a bullock, or cow, has to work, by 

 continuously ranging over a broad surface to glean its food, they 

 cannot be expected to get fat, or yield much milk. A "full bite," 

 to the beast, is the only profitable way of feeding. Cattle love 

 rest. Any creature should be able to fill itself in two or three 

 hours' time, and then lie down and ruminate. "Water, too, 

 should always be handy. When they can get water at will, cat- 

 tle usually drink three, or four, times a day, when at pasture. 

 Many people suppose that if they are let out of a dry pasture 

 twice a day, and conducted to water, that is sufficient. Not so.^ 

 Cattle have little forethought, and cannot, as men do, anticipate 

 a want which may occur an hour or two hence, and provide for 

 it in. advance. "We have seen a herd driven out in the early 

 part of the day to water, and many of them would not touch it, 

 and in two hours afterward they would be lowing about the 

 fences, gates, or bars, in distress for water, and not obtaining it, 

 they suffered throughout the day, eating little, or nothing, until 

 the next watering hour arrived, and then drinking so inordinately 

 as to injure and disarrange all their digestion. Men may say 

 that cattle will become habituated to such stated watering, by 

 practice. They may, to some extent ; but any one who will try 

 the two methods, of giving them water at will, or only at certain 

 hours, once or twice a day, will soon perceive the difference iu 

 their condition of flesh, or yield of milk. 



SHADE IN PASTURES. 



We have heard from experienced and successful graziers and 

 dairymen, different opinions, of both the advantages and disad- 

 vantages of shade in pastures. One advocates the presence of 



