DISEASES AND REMEDIES. 445 



or by giving (agreeably to the directions of some foolish cow- 

 doctoring book,) too strong a dose of astringent medicines to 

 cure the red-water. 



Symptoms. — Every ruminating animal has more than one 

 stomach; the cow is possessed of four; the first is considerably 

 larger than the rest, lies on the left side, and is commonly called 

 the paunch. The food having been sufficiently macerated in this 

 stomach, is forced up gradually into the mouth, where it under- 

 goes a complete mastication, which is termed chewing the cud. 

 The food is then again swallowed, and conveyed to the second 

 stomach, for the gullet opens indifferently into both. It ends 

 exactly where the two stomachs meet ; and there is a smooth 

 gullet, with raised edges, which leads into the second stomacli, 

 and thence to the third and fourth: the animal, however, has the 

 power to direct it into which he will. The second stomach is 

 named the honey comb bag or bonnet. Its internal surface con- 

 sists of cells, resembling a honey comb : here the food undergoes 

 a further maceration, and is then conveyed to the third stomach, 

 called manypUesov many/olds; because the internal surface rises • 

 up into many folds. Some of these folds are longer than others, 

 and on their surface small glands may be seen, something lilce 

 millet seed. From this it passes into the fourth, or red stomach, 

 commonly called the callie or caul This much resembles the 

 human stomach, or that of a dog; only the inner folds are longer 

 and looser. Here the food is perfectly digested, and prepared 

 for the nourishment of the animal. 



Such a complicated structure renders this organ particularly 

 liable to disease ; inflammation, however, does not often occur as 

 a primary disorder, but is commonly a consequence of some offen- 

 sive matter lodged in one of the four stomachs, or from the ani- 

 mal feeding so greedily as to weaken the organ, and prevent it 

 from performing its functions. 



It is usual to consider this disorder in cattle under two distinct 

 species ; one affecting the first stomach or paunch, and the other 

 the third stomach or manyplies. This latter is commonly 

 denominated lakeburn. 



Cure. — When inflammation attacks the stomach, without any 

 injurious matter being swallowed, or any improper accumulation 

 of food, the principal remedy will be plentiful bleeding, absti- 



