452 AMERICAN CATTLE. 



become too watery. The balance of circulation is deranged froir 

 the perspiration being suppressed, and a too great quantity of 

 blood is in consequence determined to the kidneys, which gives 

 rise to the disease. On removing cattle, thus affected from the 

 state of the atmosphere, into a more elevated situation where the 

 air is dryer, the beast will frequently be restored without the aid 

 of medicines. It very often proceeds from cattle being removed 

 from good to bad land, the grass of which disagrees with them, 

 and the vigor of the body is thereby impaired, and they in con- 

 sequence take cold, which flies to the kidneys, and occasions red 

 water. It is often produced by their taking cold from the 

 changeable state of the weather, or driving them long distances 

 in the day, and turning them into fields at night, where they 

 take cold. 



The red and black water is most prevalent in the spring and 

 summer, when the grass is nutritious and produces a plethoric 

 state of the system, or what is commonly called a redundancy or 

 overflowing of the blood, which favors an unequal distribution of 

 the blood, when they are affected by the causes above mentioned. 

 Some cattle are more liable to the red water than others, which 

 may in a great measure be owing to the nature of the soil, and 

 the state of the air they have been accustomed to ; these, when 

 removed into pastures where the land is bad, and the air moist, 

 are frequently attacked with it. 



Symptoms. — These diseases seldom occur separately, and 

 almost prevalent among milk cows. Mr. Clater conceives the 

 red water to be the original disease, and the black water to come 

 on as the complaint advances, which is generally an unfavorable 

 symptom, often arising from inefficient treatment. When the 

 change takes place from red to black water, the animal in general 

 stales free from either for several times. In slight cases, where 

 the blood is passed away with the urine, the beast does not 

 appear to be affected by it; if a cow, she holds to her quantity 

 of milk, and seems no worse. But when the blood so passed 

 away is considerable, and sometimes for a length of time, it 

 reduces the quantity of milk, and likewise the animal itself, to a 

 very low state ; and if some powerful remedy is not resorted to, 

 the beast must inevitably sink under the pressure of the disease. 

 Ln these bad cases, the milk sometimes becomes discolored, and 

 the beast is frequently so weak, that she is unablo to rise when 

 down, and requires gruel to be horned into her. 



