EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. 3 
learned author thinks otherwise, is evident by his description of 
new species in a recent number of Lzunea, where the same form 
of diagnosis is followed. 
Wison, in the Bryologia Britannica (1855), gives an excellent 
outline of the characters peculiar to the Spagna, and describes 
nine species as British. 
SULLIvanT, in his Musci and Hepatice of the United States 
(1856), describes sixteen species and indicates four others as 
European ; several of these, however, are only varieties. 
Mo pEnuawer, in his Beitrige zur Anatomie der Pflanzen 
(1812), first pointed out the dimorphous character of the cells 
composing the leaves of the Sphagnacez, and Von Mout investi- 
gated and confirmed these views in a valuable paper, Anatomische 
Untersuchungen iiber die porisen Zellen von Sphagnum (1854); 
while C. NAcELI minutely studied the process of development of 
the stem and leaves, and published the result in Zed¢tschrift fiir 
wissenschaftliche Botanik, Heft 2 (1845). 
Dozy gives an exact account of the anatomy of the Sphagua, 
in his Biudragen tot de Anatomie en Phytographie van de Sphagna 
(1854), with good drawings of their structure. 
HorMEIsTer has ably investigated the yhinute development 
of the Sphagna, and especially the structure of the female organ 
and first formation of the fruit. See his Vergleichende Unter- 
suchungen, &c. (1851). 
SCHIMPER, in 1858, gave to the world his grand treatise on 
this subject, Versuch einer Entwickelungs-geschichte der Torf- 
moose, a work most complete in details of structure both descrip- 
tive and pictorial, and leaving hardly anything to be desired. In 
it he advocates the elevation of the Sphagna to the dignity of 
a class, equal to those of Mosses and Hepaticz, but in the new 
edition of his Synopsis Muscorum he ranks them as anomalous 
mosses. THis descriptions of species are a model for all authors ; 
the habit of the plant, the external form and internal structure 
of the stem, and of the leaves of the stem, branches, and peri- 
chetium, all find a place in the diagnostic characters. 
Linvsere, in vol. xix. of Ofvers. K. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 
(1862), published a paper, Zorfmossornas byggnad Utbredning och 
systematiska Uppstillning, in which will be found some valuable 
observations on the family, and a mode of grouping the species 
nearly the same as that adopted in the present work. 
B 2 
