2 THE SPHAGNACE OR PEAT-MOSSES OF 
one other species, which he named 5S. Zalustre, with a var. B, and 
under this he included all the true species of the family. 
Enruart clearly defined the genus, and established as species 
S. cymbifolium, acutifolium, and cuspidatum, in the Hannoverisches 
Magazin (1780), and Plante Crypt. Exsicc. (1785). 
Hepwic, in his Pundamenta Muscorum (1782), characterized 
the genus, and gave most beautiful figures of the fruit and 
antheridia, the latter being then made known for the first time. 
Brivet described several species in the Muscologia Recentiorum 
(1797), and in his Maztissa (1819) extends the number to fourteen, 
six being European. 
SCHWAEGRICHEN, in Suppl. I. to Hedwig’s Speczes Muscorum, 
figures Sph. cuspidatum, compactum, and sguarrosum. 
P. pE Beavvors gives a good natural character of the genus 
in a paper on Muscology, in M/émotres de la Société Linnéenne, Paris, 
1822, and notices the peculiar areolation of the leaves as serving 
to distinguish them from all other mosses. 
N. von Esrnseck and Hornscuucn, in the Bryologia Ger- 
manica, vol. i. (1823), describe nine species of Sphagnum, but 
two of these are only varieties; and figures are given of thirteen 
species and varieties. . 
BriveEL, in his last work, Bryologia Universa (1826), added 
the natural characters of the genus to the description he had 
previously given, and pointed out its distinctness from all others. 
J. HEGETSCHWEILER contributed a paper, Revision des Genus 
Sphagnum, to the Denkschriften der Schweizer Gesells. fiir gesam. 
Naturwiss., Zurich, 1829, in which he looks upon the species of 
Sphagnum as so variable, that he refers all the forms to a broad- 
leaved and a narrow-leaved species, just as they were originally 
placed by Dillenius. 
FUrnroup, in the Regensburg Botanische Zeitung for 1833, gave 
a paper, Versuch emer Lebens- und Formgeschichte der Gattung 
Sphagnum, but it is only a résumé of the work of previous writers. 
C. Mutter, in his valuable Synopsis Muscorum Frondosorum 
(1846), formed a tribe Sphagnacee, and gives full descriptions of 
seventeen species, but speaks of the leaves having zxtercellular 
ducts; he also describes the cells as zmanes or replete, according 
to the presence or absence of spiral threads, and uses this as an 
important character in the distinction of species, though we now 
know that really little stress can be laid upon it; yet that this 
