DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 163 



1. C. canadensis, L. Dwarf Cornel, Bunch-berry, Pudding- 

 berry. Stem herbaceous, excepting at the base, low (3-9 in.), and 

 unbranched. Rootstock rather woody, slender, and creeping. Leaves 

 in what appears to be a whorl of 4 or 6 at the summit of the stem, 

 sessile, ovate, oval or nearly so, acute at each end, entire, smooth or 

 very slightly downy. Flower-stalk slender, ^IJ in. long, with a 

 whorl of 4-6 large, white, petal-like bracts, forming an involucre 

 round the small head of greenish flowers ; the head with its invo- 

 lucre appearing to others than botanists like a single flower. Fruit 

 nearly spherical, scarlet, about j in. in diameter, in a close cluster, 

 sweet and eatable, though rather insipid. Damp woods, especially N. 



2. C. florida, L. Flowering Dogwood. Small trees ; bark 

 rough, black. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 

 entire, green and shining above, paler and often downy beneath. 

 Flowers small, greenish, in heads which are subtended by 4 large, 

 white or pink, inversely heart-shaped bracts, thickened and greenish 

 at the notch. Fruit ovoid, bright red. In rich woods S. and E.* 



3. C. circinata, L'Her. Round-leaved Dogwood. A shrub 

 3-10 ft. high, with green, warty twigs. Leaves petioled, roundish- 

 oval, contracted to an abrupt point, entire, usually rounded or trun- 

 cate at the base, pale and soft-downy beneath. Flowers in flat 

 cymes, 1^-2^ in. in diameter. Fruit globose, light blue, ^ in. or less 

 in diameter. Thickets often in rocky soil N. and along Alleghany 

 Mountains. 



4. C. sericea, L. Kinnikinnik. A shrub, 6-10 ft. high ; twigs 

 purple, downy when young. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate or 

 oblong, taper-pointed, smooth above, silky-downy below. Flowers 

 white, in rather close cymes. Fruit blue, stone somewhat oblique. 

 In low woods.* 



5. C. asperifolia, Michx. Rough-leaved Dogwood. A shrub 

 8-12 ft. high ; twigs slender, reddish-brown, often warty, densely 

 downy when youiTg. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lance-ovate 

 or oblong, acute or taper-pointed, with rough down above, downy- 

 woolly below. Cyiries flat, spreading, the peduncle and branches 

 covered with rough down. Flowers white. Fruit white or pale 

 blue, stone depressed-globose. In dry woods.* 



6. C. stolonifera, Michx. Red Osier Dogwood. A shrub 3-15 

 ft. high, with smooth, reddish-purple bark on all the younger twigs, 

 spreading by suckers from the base and therefore the stems usually 

 clustered. Leaves on rather slender petioles, acute or taper-pointed, 

 rounded or tapered at the base,^ covered at least beneath by very fine, 

 closely appressed hairs. Fruit white or nearly so, globose, ^ in. or 

 more in diameter. Common in wet ground, especially N. 



7. C. alternifolia, L. Alternate-leaved Dogwood. A shrub 

 or small tree; twigs greenish, striped. Leaves alternate, often 



