166 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



m. MONOTROPA, L. 



Leafless, simple, erect, white, brown, or red root-parasites 

 or saprophytes or fed by slender fungus-threads which cluster 

 on the roots. Stem scaly, the upper scales often passing into 

 bracts. Flowers solitary or in spikes or racemes. Sepals or 

 bracts 2-5, erect, deciduous. Petals 4 or 5, erect or spreading. 

 Stamens 8 or 10, hypogynous, the filaments awl-shaped, anthers 

 kidney-shaped. Ovary 4-6-celled ; style simple ; stigma disk- 

 like, with 4-5 rays. 



1. M. uniflora, L. Indian Pipe. Stem smooth, fleshy, 4-6 in. 

 high. Bracts ovate or lanceolate. Flower single, tubular, j-1 in. 

 long, inodorous. Stamens a little shorter than the petals. Capsule 

 angled, J-| in. long. Whole plant waxy-white, turning black in dry- 

 ing. In moist, shady woods N. and E.* 



2. M. Hypopitys, L. Pine-sap. Stems single or clustered, white 

 or reddish, 4-8 in. high. Bracts ovate-lanceolate. Flowers several, 

 in a scaly raceme, fragrant, J-| in. long. Capsule oval, ^ in. long. 

 In dry, shady woods, especially under oaks or pines.* 



75. ERICACE.^;. Heath Family. 



Usually shrubs or slightly shrubby plants. Leaves simple, 

 generally alternate. Corolla commonly regular, 4-5-cleft, 

 sometimes polypetalous. Stamens hypogynous, distinct, as 

 many or twice as many as the petals, the anthers mostly 

 opening by a hole at the end. Ovary usually with as many 

 cells as there are corolla-lobes ; style 1. Seeds small, with 

 endosperm. 



A. 



Shrubs or small trees. Calyx free from the ovary. Corolla hypogynous, 

 usually gamopetalous. 



Shrubs or small trees, with showy flowers. Anthers not held 

 down in pockets in the corolla. Rhododendron, I. 



Shrubs, with showy flowers. Anthers at first held in pocket- 

 like depressions in the corolla. Kalmia, 11. 



