170 



NATUBAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 



section Pmtadiplandm, the leaves are also compound-digitate. The 

 ovary has five to seven ovarian cells surmounted by as many small 



stigmatiferous tubercles, and the 



FkraM^raiPenta,iplan,lra)riemarcli. ' audrcecium is formed of five 



pentadelphous stamens or of 

 five alternipetalous filaments 

 each bearing an anther with 

 four introrse and primarily 

 parallel cells (fig. 222). 



Thus defined, this genus con- 

 sists of woody plants, unarmed 

 trees or shrubs, with flowers in 

 compound umbels, nearly al- 

 ways erect stems, climbing in 

 Tupidanthus, from India, whilst 



Fig. 222. Long. sect, of flower (1). ^^^ other known spccics are 



from the Sandwich, Feejee, New 

 Caledonia and neighbouring isles. 



The form of inflorescence of the Umbelliferce^ attracted the attention 

 of early botanists. Thus, Dodoens ^ united them in the fifth class 

 of his first * pemptade.' Clusius ' places them in the same book 

 with the Gompositce and Ferns. Cesalpin * makes of them a separate 

 class, as do also Dalechamp ' and many other authors at the close of 

 the sixteenth century. Linn^us^ conceived the idea of distinguishing 

 an Order of Umbelliferce which has been retained generally by his 

 successors, especially, in France, by B. de Jussieu,^ Adanson * and 

 A. L. DE JussiBU.' Adanson placed the Aralieoe known to him in 

 the same family and in a tribe of Ginsen. A. L. de Jussieu sepa- 

 rated them under the title of a distinct order '° in consequence of an 

 error, believing the seeds of the Umbelliferce naked and those of the 

 AraliecB furnished with a pericarp. The fruit of these plants was 

 then very imperfectly known. Cusson,'' then G^etnee,'^ showed 



' Umiellatm T. Inst. 304. — Seiadophyta Neck. 

 Elem. i. 162. — Umbellacea Lindl. Key (1836), 

 n. 11. — Apiaceai Lindl. Veg. Kingd. (1846) 

 773, ( 'rd. 296. 



2 Pempt. (1532). 



^. Manor, et Exot. (1576). 



* De Plantis Libii XVI (1583). 



* Bist. Gen. Plantar. (1587)- 



» Prcelect. Ord. Hat. (ed. Gies.) 508. 

 '' Ex A. L. Juss. Gen. Ixv. 

 « Fam. des PI. (1763) ii. 102, sect. 8. 

 » Gen. (1789) 218, Ord. 2. 

 10 Zoc. cit. 217, Ord. 1. 



" Ex J. {Extrait d' un Mimoire mr les Omhd- 

 lifh-es, SUt. Soc. Soy. Med. (1782). 

 '2 De Fnict. et Semin. (1789). 



