UMBELLIFER^. 175 



one fertile carpel. Vittse none or not situate in the furrows. — Herbs 

 with simple or compound leaves, inflorescence in cymes or in simple 

 or irregularly compound umbels. — 18 genera. 



VI. Aralie^.' — Fruit 2-oo -celled, carpels not generally separable. 

 Pericarp rarely dry, more generally fleshy, often drupapeous. Eidges 

 rarely developed, often nil. Vittse none or replaced by irregularly 

 scattered oleoresinous reservoirs. Andrcecium isostemonous or rarely 

 2-plo-Qo -stemonous. — Plants generally woody, erect or climbing, 

 with simple, pinnate, digitate or decompound leaves. Inflorescences 

 simple or compound, in cymes, in clusters, in spikes, in corymbs, in 

 capitules or in umbels. — 25 genera. 



Affinities. — The Umbelliferce have affinities, chiefly by the Araliem, 

 with the Cornacece, the Bubiacece and the Rhamnacece. The herbaceous 

 types, with compound and decompound leaves and inflorescences in 

 compound umbels appear clearly distinct, even in their external 

 characters, from these families. Not so those with simple leaves and 

 fleshy fruit as are a great many Araliem. Between these and the 

 Gornacece the only absolute difference is the position of the raphe, 

 dorsal in the Gornacece, ventral in the Umbelliferce. Among the 

 Rubiacece, there are analogues of the Gornacece which differ only by 

 their gamopetalous corolla ; but it is the Sambucinece which, with their 

 simple or compound leaves, drupaceous fruit and descending ovules, 

 most closely resemble either the Cornece or the Araliece. In like 

 manner the Umbelliferous types differ from the Rhamnacece in general 

 appearance. But there are many genera of the group Hydrocotylece, 

 whose habit, foliage and down become those of Pomaderris or neigh- 

 bouring genera.^ The flower must then be analyzed to see that it 

 has neither .the oppositipetalous stamens, nor the ascending ovules of 

 these Rhamnacece; but these traits prove a certain affinity between 

 the two groups. 



1 AraliiB J. Gen. 217. — AraliacecB 3. Diet. Se. 931, Ord. 81.'— Hs&racuasBAKTX. Ord. Nat. 237. 



Nat. ii. 348. — DO. Frodr. iv. 251, Ord. 83.— —Seem. Journ. Bot. ii.-vi. 



Endl. Gen. 792, Ord. 163. — Lindi,. Introd. ed. 2, ^ See Adansonia, v. 261. 

 .25; Veg. Eingd. 780, Ord. 297.— B. H. Gen. 



