UMBELLIFER^. 177 



Ireland and Italy, where they form about -^ of the entire flora. 

 Anisotorm, Stilhocarpa, Azorella, and Apium are found near the south 

 pole. In Lapland the Umbelliferce are said to form -^ of the vegeta- 

 tion. The deadly Hemlock grows in the Somoid district as far. north 

 as 72°, and the Goutweed {Mzopodium) to 70°, the northern hmit of 

 Garurn and some Pimpinellas. (Enanthe . crocata and Phellandrium 

 grow in Finland, to 60°, and Angelica Sylvestris as far as Cape North. 

 Imperatoria is found in Iceland to 65° and the Cow-parsnip {Heraclium 

 Sphondylium) in Norway to 62°, the extreme limit of the common 

 Carrot, of Damus (Tonlis) Anthriscus and of Ghcerophyllum temulum. 



Uses.' — The TJmhelliferoR are generally more or less odorous, 

 aromatic. They often contain an essential oil and a resinous matter, 

 the former was held to predominate in the root, the latter in the 

 fruit. The stem may contain both principles, though generally in 

 smaller quantity, and likewise, mucilaginous and 'saccharine sub- 

 stances, also found in several roots. To these are, not unfrequently 

 added, either in all parts of the plant, or in the subterranean portions, 

 or in the leaves or fruit, narcotic acrid alkaloids which render some 

 species poisonous. In the Aralicce, where these alkaloids are most 

 frequently absent, a bitter or astringent and tonic principle is tound, 

 in addition to the resinous matter and essential oil. Thence are 

 derived most of the properties, sometimes very remarkable, which 

 characterize the plants of this family. Among the aromatic Umbelli- 

 ferce, the most common are the Fennel {Fmniculum vulgar e), the 

 Chervil (^Chcerophyllum sativum) and the Parsley {Garum Petroselinum.^) 



^ ^sdIj. JEnchirid. 382. — Lindl. Veg. Kingd, tenui/olium Eiv. — A. latifolium Mill, (not 



775 ; PL Med. 33.— GuiB. Drag. Simpl. ed. 6, PoiR.) — A. erispum Mill. Diet. n. 2. — Fetrose- 



iii. 199-251. — Rosenth. Synops. PL Diaphor. linum sativum Hoffm. Vmb. i. 78, t. 1, fig. 7. — 



524, 1138.— Fluck. et Hanb. PAarmocoir?'. 264- Koch, PinA. 127.— Nees, Off. Ffl. t. 21.— DC. 



297. Profir.av. 102, n. 1.— GuiB. &c. ««. 223, fig. 622. 



^ Apium Fetroselinum L. Spec. 379. — Hayn. — Beeg. et Schm. Off. Geui. t. Ud. — Rosbnth. 



Ar^n. Gew. vii. t. 25. — A. vulgare Lamk. — A. op. cit. 529. 



VOL. VII. N 



