UMBELLIFEBM 195 



dies. Its preserved root serves as a masticatory and its fresh juice 

 is emetic. H. canadensis,^ H. ciiriodora R. and Pav., in Peru, and 

 H. moschata Forst., in New Zealand, are reputed aromatic. At the 

 Cape H. Bupleurifolia ^ is accounted astringent, antidiarrhceic. H. 

 montana Cham, and Schlchtl, has the same properties. Our common 

 Sanicle s (fig. 177, 178) enjoyed an exaggerated reputation among 

 the ancients as vulnerary, astringent, tonic, but is now scarcely used. 

 The American Sanicle * appears more active ; it has been extolled 

 against pulmonary affections and syphilis. Of its fibres are made 

 setons for horses.^ Astrantia major * (fig. 173-175) and some neigh- 

 bouring species have had the same uses as Imperatoria. Its stumps 

 are purgative and furnish an antidote to Black Hellebore ; they are 

 also slightly aromatic. The Eryngos have enjoyed a great reputation 

 in medicine. Our Field ^ and Sea ' Eryngo (fig. 170-172) have a 

 sweetish, aromatic and tonic root. They were ranked among the 

 best aperitives and diuretics, and were extolled against chronic affec- 

 tions of the viscera, particularly of the liver, amenorrhcea, blennor- 

 ragia, oedema of the limbs. The young shoots are said to be edible. 

 Quacks sold them, dried or preserved, as aphrodisiac and also to 

 arrest the secretion of milk after childbirth. The flowers of E. 

 flaiium '° are employed as sudorific in Siberia. E. dichotomum, 

 grcecum, viride, tricusfidatum, ternatum, dilatatum and amethystinmn 

 are said to have the same properties. In America, E. virginianum, 

 mexicanum, longifolium, hromellmfolium, are considered diuretic, emme- 

 nagogic, alexipharmic. E. aquaticum " is a Gontrayerva of Mexico. 



' Pdesh, ex EosBNTH. op. cit. 525. ' A. minor L. earniola Wu lp. intermedia Bieb 



° Rich. Hon. Hydroc. n. 55, fig. 39 (var. [DC] &c. 



oi S. Centella Ckath. et Schlchtl). ^ Eryng'mm eampestre Dud. Fempt. 730.— L. 



** Sanicula europiea L. Spec. 339. — DC. Prodr. Spec. 337. — Hayn. Arzn. Gew. vii. t. 1. — Gben. 



iv. 84, n. 1. — Gren. et Gode. Fl. de Fr. i. 757. et Godr. Fl. de Fr. i. 756. — Guib. loc. cit. 215, 



— GniB. loc. cit. 217.— Caz. PL MH. Indig. (ed. fig. 618.— Oaz. PI. MM. Indig, (ed. 3) 275. 



3) 949. — Astrantia Biapentia Scop. — Caucalis ' F. maritimum C. Bauh. Pin. 386. — L. Spec. 



Sanicula Crantz. 337. — DC. Prodi: iv. 89, u. 15. — Ttjrp. Diet. So. 



* L. Spec. 339.— Lamk. III. t. 191, fig. 2.— Nat. Atl. t. 112.— Gren. et Godr. Fl. de Fr. i. 



BiGEL. Fl. Post. (ed. 2) 109. 757. 



' The same qualities are ascribed to 8. cana- " Math. Oomm. 505.— L. Spec. 337. — DC. 



densis L. {Spec. 339). Prodr. n. 19.— Rosbnth. op. cit. 526. 



6 L. Spec. 339.— Nees, Of. Pfl. xii. t. 6.— " L. Spec. 336.— Jacq. Ic. Rir. t. 347.— DO. 



Hatn. Arzn. Gm. i. t. 13.— Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 76. Prodr. n. 59.-^. yucccefoUum MiCHx. Fl. JBor.- 



— DC. Prodr. iv. 86, n. 4.— Lindl. Fl. Med. 33. Amer. i. 164. 

 A, nijra Lob. — Helleborus niger Garid. (not L.). 



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