196 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



E. foetidum ' is considered a febrifuge in South America. In Brazil 

 E. Lingua Tucani Mart, is used in the treatment of aphtha, stoma- 

 titis. Many species in the temperate regions of South America have 

 leaves resembling those of the Bromeliacece, Pandanew, and some 

 Graminece, whence they have derived their specific names, and are 

 ornamental.^ Azorella,^ curious Andean plants whose habit, almost 

 always exceptional, becomes sometimes absolutely strange, is rich 

 in a sort of aromatic, stimulant gum with terebinthine odour. That 

 of A. glebaria * heals sores and has been substituted for, copahu as 

 antiblennorrhagic. A. madreporica ^ is used in Chili in the treatment 

 of cephalalgea. A. Gilliesii^ has ahmentary roots/ Asteriscium 

 chilense ' is aromatic, tonic and carminative. At the Cape Arctopus 

 echinatus ^ has the same properties. 



The fruits of Myodocarpus, rich in gum-resinous reservoirs, are 

 extremely aromatic and from them a perfumed juice might be ex- 

 tracted. The Aralias are mentioned, some as tonic, others as 

 diaphoretic. A. eduUs,^° which derives its specific name from the use 

 made of the young shoots in China and Japan, has bitter aromatic 

 roots. In North America, A. hispida " has the same uses as Sarsa- 

 parilla and is sometimes employed to adulterate it. The same may 

 be said of A. nvdicaulis,^^ from the same country, and of A. racemosa '^ 

 and spinosa}* Ginseng comprises the most celebrated of these plants 



• L. Spec. 336 (part).— MicHX. loe. eit. 163. — » Cham, et Schlchtl, Linnoea (1826), 264, t. 

 DC. Prodr. n. 64. — Rosenth. op. cit. 1139. 5. — Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 332, t. 68.— C. Gay, op. 

 According to B. Seemann, it is a culinary plant cit. 100.— Anisillo Feuill. Journ. Obs. iii. 5, t. 

 at Panama. 2 (Muchu of the Chilians). 



a See A. Gray, SiUim. Journ. (1874) 443. ' L. Spec. (ed. 2) ii. 1512.— Thunb. Fl. Cap. 



s See H. Bn. Diet. Enc. So. Mid. vii. 683. 266.— Keb, Bot. Reg. t. 705.— DC. Prodr. iv. 



* A. caspitosa Vahl, Sgmb. iii. i&.—Bolax 236. — Hart, and Sond. PI. Cap. ii. 564. — H. 

 glebaria Commers. ex Gaudich. Ann. So. Nat. Bn. Diet. Encyct. Se. Med. vi. 38. 



ser. 1, V. 104, t. 3, fig. 2.— DC Prodr. iv. 78, n. "> Sieb. et Zuoc. Fl. Jap. i. 67, t. 25.— Seem. 



1. — EosENTH. op. eit. 1138.— 5. gummifera Journ. Bot. yi. l^i. — ^. coj-rfate Thunb. ?---Z>e- 



SpRENG. — B. eomplieota Spreng. — Hydrocotyle morphanthus edulis Mia. Comm. Phyt. 26. 



gummifera lji.iix..I)ict.va. 15%; 7«.t.l89,fig.21. " MiCHX. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 185.— Vent. B. 



5 Clos. C. Gay Fl. Chil. iii. 79 {Llareta de Ceb. t. 41.— Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1306.— Torr. et 



Coquimbo). This species is employed especially Gr. Fl. N.-Amer. i. 647.— Sims, Bot. Mag. i. 



hy the shepherds of the Andes ; it is rich in 1041 (.Bristly Sarsaparilla, Wild Elder of the 



resinous matter, and forms on the top of the Americans). 



mountains a thick rigid covering which from a " L. Spec. 393 (not Bl.).— Bapin. Med. Bot. 



distance hardly appears of a vegetahle nature. i. t. 8.— Torr. et Gr. Fl. N.-Amer. i. 646 {wild 



» Hook. But. Misc. iii. — 0. Gay, be. cit. 84.— Sarsaparilla). 



Bolax Gilliesii Hook. loo. cit. t. 63. " L. Spec. 393 {Spimnard). 



7 It is said to constitute often the only nou- " L. Spec. 392.— Torr. et Gr. loc. cit. 647 



rishment of the herdsmen of the Andes. {Angelica-tree, PricUy Ash). 



