UMBELLIFEEJS. 197 



for their pretended restoring and aphrodisiac virtues, and for the form 

 of the root which, as in Mandragora, resembles more or less exactly 

 that of the human body. They are stimulant, astringent and ana- 

 leptic plants ; the leaves are used for making tea. The true Gin&eng 

 of China, which has given rise to so many fabulous accounts, and 

 been introduced into Japan, is Aralia Ginseng ' (fig. 185, 186), but it 

 is not certain that it is other than a form of J., quinquefolia,^ a plant 

 of North America, observed from Canada to the south of the United 

 States, which produces the American Ginseng, endowed with the 

 same virtues as the Asiatic.^ A. polaris,* a singular species from the 

 antarctic islands, is used as a potherb in those desolate lands and 

 especially as fodder for beasts ; the animals eat the blackish drupes 

 (fig. 189, 190). A. papyrifera,^ a fine species from Formosa, culti- 

 vated as an ornamental plant, is used for making the Bdce paper of 

 China, employed in the arts and in industry ; " it is prepared from 

 the pith, the cylinders of which are cut in a spiral direction into large 

 thin sheets afterwards smoothed and flattened. Heteropanax fragrans,'' 

 of China and India, a near generic neighbour of the preceding, is an 

 aromatic species, as is also Didymopanax Morototoni,^ a species from 

 Guyana. Some plants of Panax are useful ; P. fruticosum,^ from 

 Java and the Moluccas, introduced into most tropical countries, is 

 employed in the treatment of fevers, flux, and its leaves are eaten as 

 Parsley ; P. cochleata,^^ from the same countries and with the same 

 properties, is used for throat affections; P. pinnata^^ (fig. 205), a 



' Panax Ginseng C. A. Mby. Bull. Fitersb.i. — Panax fragrans Eoxb, Cat. Hort. Calc. 21. — 



340.— Seem. Journ. Bot. ii. 320 ; \i. 64.— P. DO. Prodr. iv. 254 (part). 



quinquefolimt, $. coreense SiBE. Verh. Pot. Gen. * Done, et Pl. Rev. Sort. (1854) 109. — Seejt. 



xii. — P. Schinseng, var. coreense Nees, Suppl. PI. Journ. Bot. vi. 131. — P. Morototoni Auel. Guian, 



Med. i. t. 16 A. ii- 949, t. 360. 



' A. Gray, ex Seem. Jotirn. Bot. vi. 138. — ' L. Spec. 1513. — ^Andr. Bot. Eepos. t. 595. — 



Panax quinqttefolium L. Spec. 1512. — 0. A. Mey. DO. Prodr. iv. 254, n. 25. — Scutellaria tertia 



loc. cit. 340. — DC. Prodr. iv. 252, n. 1 (part). — Epmph. — Nbihopanax fruticosum MiQ. 



Aweliana canadensis Lafit. (Seep. 155, note 1.) " DC. Prodr. n. 7. — P. scutellarioides Eeinw. 



•■ The same qualities are ascribed to A. trifolia (ex DC.) — Aralia cochleata Lamk. Diet. i. 224. 



{Panax trifolium L.) or Dwarf Ginseng of the — Nothopanax cochleatum Mia. 



Ajaenca.ns,a,iid.toA.Pseudo-GiriHeng {P.Pseudo- " P. .ff«y «««««»» Wall. Cat. 11.4927. — Don, 



Ginsei'g VVall.), mountain species of India. 6re«. Sys*. iii. 383. — P. Porsieri Done, et Pi. /o«. 



{See Pharmac. Centralblatt [1832], 353, t. 3.) cit. 105. — Polyscias pinnata Porst. Gen. 64, t. 



* See p. 154, note 5. 32 ; Prodr. n. 618. — Aralia Polyscias Spreng. 



' See p. 154, note 4. — Nothopanax tricochleaium Miq. Panax Man- 



' On the history, mode of preparation of this guette Vieill. -which is found in New Caledonia 



paper, &o. see Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 53, t. only near habitations and used by the natives 



1, 2. as a medicine, is probably the same plant. 



7 Seem. Fl. Vit. 114, note ; Journ. Bot. v. 239. 



