372 



NATURAL MISTORY OF PLANTS. 



236). Many South American Eubiacem are considered poisonous, par- 

 ticularly Uragoga ntellimfolia,^ noxia ^ and Marcgravii,^ and Bothriospora 

 corymbosa,* by using the wood of which as spits for roasting their 

 meat the Indians are poisoned. In India Genipa dumetorum ® is used 

 to intoxicate fish ; the pounded root is thrown into the stream and 

 produces the same effects as the Oocculus of the Levant. The root of 

 Morinda JRoyoc,^ an American species, is said to be a violent purgative. 

 Various parts of M. citrifolia ' (fig. 275, 276) and M. umbellata * are 

 used in tropical Asia in the treatment of dysentery. Ruhia noxia ° is 

 reported in Brazil as extremely poisonous . 



The Madders have quite different properties. That of the dyers '" 

 (fig. 223-230) is astringent ; it is considered tonic, diuretic, aperitive, 

 emmenagoguic ; its root has been extolled as a speQific against rickets, 

 epilepsy and other nervous affections. Ruhia cordifolia," an Asiatic 

 species, is said to be purgative, aperitive, emmenagoguic. The Rubias 

 of the section Oalium are said to cure certain nervous disorders. R. 

 Mollugo '^ has been extolled for epilepsy and gout ; R. vera '' for 

 epilepsy, hysteria, convulsions ; R. grceca for haemorrhage and flux ; 

 R. cruciata^* as astringent and vulnerary; R. rigida^' as antiepileptic, 

 and many others as astringents. Several have been indicated as 



A. S.-H. sexangularis Aubl. latifolia Aubl. lon- 

 gifolia Aubl. prostrata Aubl. radicans Aubl. 

 cieruleseens Aubl. are also used as Ipecacuanha^ 

 in various parts of tropical America. 

 , 1 Oephalis ruelliafolia Oham. et Schlohtl, 

 limima (1829), 134.— DC. Prodr. iv. 633, n. 4. 

 The seed is used to kill rats and mice. 



* Payehotria noxia A. S.-H. PI. Rem. Br4s. 

 234, t. 21, fig. A.— DC. Prodr. iv. 508, n. 41. 



3 Palicourea Maregravii A. S.-H. Pl.Eem. Brfy. 

 281, t. 22, fig. A.— DC. Prcdr. iv. 525, u.'5.— 

 EosENTH. op. eit. 326. — (ialvania Vellosi E<em. 

 et ScH. — Brva do rata Makcgr. Bras. 60, fig. 2. 



■* HooE. r. Icon. t. 1069. — Etiosmia corymbosa 

 Benth. Hooh. Journ. Bat. iii. 219. 



" Eandia dumetorum Lamk. III. t. 166, fig. 4. 

 — S. spinosa Bl. Bijdr. 981. — Ceriaeus malabari- 

 eus G^ETN. Fruct. i. t. 28, 140. — Posoqueria 

 dirnietortan Eoxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 564, — Canthium 

 coronatum Lamk. Diet. i. 602. 



« L. Spec. 250.— jAca. Sort. Vindob. t. 16.— 

 Roioc Aumifuaum fructu cupressino Plum. Gen. 

 11, t. 26. 



' L. Spec. 250.— Gjebtn. Fruct. i. 144, t. 29.— 

 KosENTH. op. cit. 331. — Id. braeUata Roxb. (ex 



KuHZ, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. ii. 60). This plant 

 has been introduced into America. 



8 L. Spec. 250.— DC. Trodr. iv. 449, u. 22.— 

 M. tetrandra 3 ACS., (ex KuRz). 



5 A. S.-H. Fl. Rem. Bres. 229.— DC. Prodr. 

 iv. 692, n. 37. A species with trinerved leaves. 



1" Rubia tinctorum L. Spec. 168. — !Lamk./W. t. 

 60, fig. 1.— Hatn. Arzn. xi. t. 5.— DC. Prodr. 

 n. 11.— Gken. et GonR. Fl.deFr. ii. 13.— Guib. 

 op. cit. iii. 81. — Rosenth. op. cit. 321. — Bekg et 

 SoHM. Darat. Off. Gew. t. 30 b.—R. ayhestris 

 Mill. Diet. n. 1. 



" L. Mantiss. 197.— DO. Prodr. n. 1.— Pall. 

 Toy. t. L, fig. 1 ; ed. fr. t. 92. 



12 Galium Mollugo L. Spec. 155. — DC. Prodr. 

 iv. 596, n. 18. — G. erectum Huus. — Gben. et 

 GoDR. Fl. de Fr. ii. 23.— <?. elatum Thuill. Fl. 

 Par. 76. — G, boreale Lapetb. (not L.). 



" G. verum L. Spec. 166. — DC. Prodr. n. 77. 

 — G. Ittteum McENCH. 



" G. Cruciata Scop. Fl. Cam. i. 100. — H. Bn. 

 Diet. Encycl. So. Mid. art. Galium. — Valantia 

 Cruciata L. Spec. 1491. 



" G. rigidum Ait. Mart. Kew. i. 144. 



