374 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



"and hypocarpia} In the section Galium there are also a great many 

 tinctorial species, but less used: B. horealis," sylvatica,^ galioides,* 

 tatarica,^ Oruciata, MoUugo, Linnceana ^ and R. vera, the yellow flowers 

 of which are used to dye stuffs and, it is said, to colour Cheshire 

 cheese. Several Asperulas are also used in dyeing : A. odorata, 

 arvensis/ tinctoria,^ laevigata,^ Aparine '" and cynanchica. Other series 

 of the family Ukewise include tinctorial plants : Chaya-vair, the root 

 of Oldenlandia umhellata,^^ an article of extensive commerce on the 

 Coromandel coast, and 0. alata and crystallina ; Morinda, often rich 

 in yellow or red colours, particularly M. citrifolia, above mentioned, 

 and M. Royoc, scandens, tetrandra, angustifolia, wmhellata, tinctoria, 

 Mudia, Chachuca, hracteata. At Fernando-Po, Urophyllum ruhens '^ is 

 employed to dye stuffs red. At Malabar, the bark of Hydrophylax 

 maritima *' also gives a red dye ; in Peru that of Uragoga tinctoria,^* in 

 Guyana that of U. Simira;'^^ in tropical Asia several Genipas of the 

 section Gardenia, as G. grandiflora, arborea; inAm.encSiG.Braziliensis, 

 the dye of which is a dark blue ; G. Caruto *^ and oUongifolia,^^ which 

 also yield dyes. Several Sambucece have colouring properties. The 

 wood of the Black Elder "» (fig. 387-389) yields, with alum, a yellowish 

 brown colour, and with salts of iron a grayish brown. Its leaves and 

 flowers are used to colour wax yellow ; its fruit to deepen the colour 



' DO. Prodr. iv. 591, n. 32.— B. Brovmei 

 Spreng. (part) Syst. 397. — Valantia hypocarpia 

 L. Spec. 1491.— S-w. Ois. 381. 



2 G. boreale L. Spec. 156. — Gben. et Gode. 

 Fl. de Fr. ii. 17. 



3 L. Spec. 155.— DO. Prodr. n. 58.— ff. atro- 

 virens Lap. Abr. Pyr. Suppl. 22. 



■•• G. ruhwides L. Spec. 152. — DC; Frodr. u. 43. 

 — BnXB. Cent. ii. t. 29. 



^ <T. tatariemm Trev. Mag. Nat. Cur. Ber, 

 (1815) 146.— DC. Prodr. u. 41. 



* (?. tinetormm L. Spec. 153. — DO. Prodr. n, 

 31.— Tore. Fl. Unit. St. i. 166. 



' L. Spec. 160.— DO. Prodr. iv. 581, n. 1. 

 — Gren. et. GoDR. Fl. de Fr. ii. 49. — A. ctsrulea 



MCENCH. 



» L. Spec. 150.— DO. Prodr. n. 8.— Gren. et 

 GoDR. loc. cit. 47. 



' L. Mantiss. 38. — A. rotundifoUa L. — Galitwt 

 rotundifolium L. 



>» Bibb. Fl. Taur.-Caue. 102 ; Suppl. 106.— 



G. uUginosum Pah. 



" L. Spec. 174.— DO. Frodr. iv. 426, n. 22.— 

 GuiB. op. cit. iii. 83. 



" Benth. Hook. Niger Flora, 396. — HrEKN, 

 Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 73, n. 4. 



^' See page 444, note 7. 



'* Psychot/ria tinctoria R. et Pav. — Eosenih. 

 op. cit. 326. 



" P. Simira R(em. et Son. Syst. v. 187.— P. 

 parviflora W. Spec. i. 962. — (Simira tinctoria 

 AuBL. Guian.i. 170, t. 66. 



i« H. B. K. ex DC. Prodr. iv. 378, n. 2. 



" E. et Pav. Fl. Per. u. 67, t. 220, fig. a.— 

 DC. Prodr. n. 4. 



'^^ Sambucus nigra L. Spec. 386. — Doham. 

 Arbr. ii. t. 65; ed. 2, i. t. 65.— DC. Prodr. 

 iv. 322, n. 9. — Gren. et Godr. Flora de Fr. ii 

 7. — GuiB. op. eit. ni. 193. — Bero. et Schm. 

 Sarst. Off. Gew. t. 16 d. — Flijck. et Hanb. 

 Pharmacogr. 297. — S. vulgaris Lamk. Fl. Fr. 

 iii. 369. 



