376 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



has similar properties, 'N. purpurea,^ from India, is an astringent 

 medicine. The Koss ^ wood of Senegal is furnished by N. (Mitragyne) 

 inermis (fig. 354) ; its bark is used by the natives as a febrifuge. 

 Perhaps it is the African N. orientalis of which Mungo Park ' speaks 

 as employed in fumigations for reducing fever and which has also been 

 referred to Sarcocephalus esculentus. Of S. Cadamba,'^ of India, extolled 

 as a remedy for diarrhoea and colic, it is the fruit that is used. 



Among the Bubiece there are some astringent plants : Rubia grceca,^ 

 a remedy for haemorrhage and flux; jR. cruciata, which our ancestors 

 .employed as a dressing for wounds, also R. vera. Asperula odorata 

 (fig. 231) and angustifolia have similar properties. Futoria calabiica * 

 is employed in the Mediterranean region as a gentle astringent. In 

 the United States, Cephalanthus occidentalis'' (fig. 345-348), the bark 

 of which is bittjer and astringent, is locally applied in the treatment 

 of skin diseases ; it has also been considered antisyphihtic. Several 

 Uragogas of the section Palicourea are astringent. Others are 

 evacuants Hke the Ipecacuanhas;* others again are poisonous.' Of 

 the Ixoras some are astringent, others diuretic. The root of I. (pavetta) 

 indica '° (fig. 257-259) is bitter-aromatic ; it is extolled in Malabar 

 for dysentery, head-ache, intestinal obstruction, erysipelas, haemor- 

 rhoids. I. stricta ' ' is renowned in Java as a stimulant. In India I. 

 Bandhucca '^ is* prescribed for diarrhoea, intermittent fevers and cuta- 



' EoxB. PI. Coram, i. 41, t. 64 ; Fl. Ind. ii. Handb. t. 5, 21. — Lois. Eerb. Amat. t. 272.— 



123. — Cephalanthus chinmsis Lamk. (part) Diet. DO. Prodr. iv. 638, n. 1. — C. oppositifoUm 



i. 678 (ex DC. Frodr. iv. 346, n. 24). Miench. Meth. 487. 



2 Or Xosae of the Spaniards, Josae Guib. » See Rosenth. op. cit. 326. Also several 

 Droff. Simpl. (ed. 6) iii. 191. — H. Bn. JBull. Soe. species of the section CepAcelis {C. muscosa, Sw. 

 Linn. Par. 201. guianensis AjiBh. aathmatiea\ASL) and Geophila 



3 Ex HiERN, Journ. Linn. Soe. xvi. 261. macropoda DC. and reHiformU Schlchtl, which 

 ^ KuKZ, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. ii. 62. — Nateelea are herhaceous Uragogas. 



Cadamba RoxB. Fl. Ind. ii. 121.— DC. Prodr. 9 In Brazil there is a Psyehotria toxica A. 



iv. 344, n. i.^Antlioeephalus ? Cadamba Mia. S.-H. Norialelia officinalis Aubl. vphieh with 



Fl. Ind.-Sat. ii. 135. — Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. us is also a JJragoga, is considered an evacuant, 



t. 33. — Katon-jalca Eheed. Hort. Malai. iii. t. aromatic medicine and is used in the treatment 



33 (ex DC). of asthma. 



' Galium gracum L. Mantiss. 38.— Sijjth. Fl. '» /. Pavetta RoxB. Fl. Ind. i. 396.—/. pani- 



Grac. t. 136.— JjODD. Bot. Cab. t. 1373. eulata Lamk.— Parrfto indica L. Spec. 160.— 



« Pers. Syt. i. 624.— DO. />/•(«;»•. iv. 577, n. 1. Keh, Bot. Meq. t. 198.— P. alba Vahl. 



—Asperula calabrica L. p. Suppl. 120.— Lher. " EoxB. Fl. Ind. i. 384.-7. coccinea Cbet. 



St. Nov. i. t. 32. — Sherardia fatida Lamk. Diet. Bot. Mag. t. 169 (ex DC Prodr. iv. 486, n. 3). — 



iv. 326. — Pavetta fietidissima Cyr. — Ernodea /. ^ammea Salisb. (ex DC). 



Montana Sibth. et Su.—Lo/iicera sicula UcR. " Eqxb. Fl. Ind. i. 386.— DC. Prodr. n. 2. — /. 



(ex Gvss.). coccinea L. — Bandhuca Jones, As. Res. iv. 260. — 



' L. Spec. 138.— DuHAM. Arbr. i.t. 64.— Schk. Schciti 'Rji^^o. Eort. Malab.ii. 13,tl2 (cxHam.). 



