378 NATURAL BISTORT OF PLANTS. 



as an emmenagogue and antidiarrhoetic in Malabar. Wallichia 

 porphyracea Maet.,^ which is a Urophyllum, is also an astringent in 

 Java; the buds are used. A decoction from the leaves of Isertia 

 coccinea,^ of tropical America, is used for fomentations and tonic 

 lotions ; the wood is bitter and the bark is used in the treatment of 

 fevers and hepatitis. Several Oldenlandias are tonic and astringent, 

 particularly 0. verticillata L. and Hedyotis Auricularia L,, which in 

 Java is reputed to cure deafness ; 0. umbellata, used in the treatment 

 of asthma and pulmonary affections ; 0. herbacea ' which, mixed with 

 Santal, honey or Caraway, is prescribed for fevers ; 0. lactea, extolled 

 as an expectorant, and 0. alata and crystallina, substituted for 0. 

 umbellata. The Ophiorrhizas derive their name from their well- 

 established reputation in India and the neighbouring countries for 

 healing the bites of venomous animals; particularly 0. japonica* 

 (fig. 321) and especially 0. Mungos,^ a species common in Java, 

 Sumatra and Ceylon. In Cayenne Sipanea pratensis ^ is administered 

 as an astringent for wounds, ulcers and urethral affections. Wend- 

 landia Lawsonice'' is employed in Malabar as tonic, antispasmodic, 

 aromatic ; the bark and fruit are used. Rondeletia is similarly used ; 

 in Mexico and Brazil it is often substituted for quinquina as tonic .; 

 the principal species thus employed are E. febrifuga,^ odorata,^ ameri- 

 cana,^" and some others which are said to yield an oil of Sainte-Marie. 

 This name, however, is reserved in preference for a kind of tonic 

 bahn, used as a medicine, Aceite Maria, produced in Peru by Elceagia 

 Marice,^^ and in New Granada by E. utilis.^^ Bouvardia Jacquini^^ 

 (fig. 315-317) and triphylla '^have also an astringent bark, considered 



' EosBNTH. op. oil. 333. 8 Mart, ex Eosenth. op. cit. 335. 



s Vahl, &l. Amer. ii. 27.— DC. Frodr. iv. s jAca. Amer. 69, t. 42.— H. B. K. Mv. Oen. 



437, n. 1. — Ouettarda coccinea AuBli. Guian. i. et Sp. iii. 394. — DO. Frodr. iv. 408, n. 16. — R. 



317, t. 123.— Lamk. III. t. 259. coccinea Sess. et M09. (ex DC). 



' DC. Prodr. iv. 425, n. 8. — Eosenth. op. cit. " L. Spec. 243. — DC. Prodr. u. 12. E. jas- 



334. — Hedyotis herbacea L. Fl. Zeyl. 66. minioidora Maok. (ex Eosenth. op. cit. 335) 



* Bl. ex DC. Prodr. iv. 416, n. 13. mentioned as yielding an oil of Sainte-Marie, is 

 *L. Amcen. ii. 117; Mat. Med. 27, icon. — perhaps an ^teayi«. 



Gjertn. Fruct. i. t. 56 ?— DC. Prodr. 11. 1.— " VP'edd. Rist. Nat. Quinq. 94, not— "Walp. 



Eosenth. op. cit. 335. — Mimgo Kjbmpp. Amcen. Ann. ii. 777. 



673, 577 {Sampaddu of the Malays). 12 Wedd. loc. cit.— Condaminea utilis GouD. 



• AuBL. Guian. 147, t. 56.— DC. Prodr. W. 414, herb. {Arbol del cerd) . 



n. 1.— Eosenth. op. eit. 335. — Viretta pratensis "H. B.K. Nov. Gm. et Sp. iii. 385. — Ixora 



Vahl, Ed. Amer. n. 11. americana Jaoq. Hort. Schcenbr. iii. t. 257.— J. 



7 DC. Prodr. iv. 413. — Lawsonia purpurea ternifolia Oav. Icon. iv. 3, t. 305 (ex DC). — 



Lamk. Diet. iii. 107. — Poutaletsje Eheed. Sort, Soustonia coccinea Ande. Pot. Fepos. t. 106. 



Malab. iv. t. 57 (Barsoti). W. tinctoria DC. is Tlaeoxochilt Heen. Mex. 231, icon. 



esteemed only for its colouring maitei {Toola- ^* Var. (?) of the preceding. Salisb. Par. 88. 



lodA of the Bengalese). — Ker, Pot. Segt t. 107. 



