BUBIAGE^. 



383 



was twenty years later when Lopez and Mutis discovered C. lancifolia,^ 

 pitayensis,^ &c. in New Grenada. About the same period Euiz and 

 Pavon, a little later Rengifo, discovered other species in Peru, 

 particularly those called Huanuco, and especially the best red variety 

 known, C. succiruhra ' (fig. 341 ). As recently as 1847 H. A.Weddell 

 discovered, in Bolivia, the most southern and best yellow kind which 

 he named C. Galisaya* (fig. 333-338). Now, the species of Cinchona^ 

 richest in active alkaloids ^ have been planted in abundance in the 

 Indian possessions of England and Holland and their cultivation is 

 commenced in some of the French colonies. 



Many barks of false Cinchonas have been extolled ; they are often 

 rich in astringent principles but generally contain Httle or no alkaloid. 

 They belong to the genera Exostema,'' Cascarilla,^ Ladenbergia,^ 



1 MuT. Period. S.-F4 (1793) n. 3, 466.— H. 

 Mag. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. (1807) 116.— Gtjib. /. e. 

 152.— Kaest. Fl. Colomb. i. t. 11, 12 ; ii. 21.— 

 Tbi. Nouv. Etud, 68. — CamygdalifoliaWsDJ). — 

 C. angustifoha E. et Pav. Suppl. 14 {Quina pri- 

 mitiva MuT. Q. Jaune orange de Mutis, Q. spon- 

 gieux de Carthagine, Q. Colombia off.). 



^ Wedd. Ann. 8e. Nat. ser. 3, xi. 269.— GuiB. 

 I, c. 156. — Tri. Nouv. Etud. 61. — C lanceolata 

 Benth. (not Pat,). — C. Trianm Kabst. Fl. Col. 

 t. 45 (Q«i«. Pitayo, Pitaya, red and irown Car- 

 thagena, Almaguer, Q. d'Antioquia). Wedbell 

 unites this plant with C. rugoaa Pat. (C Mutisii, 

 Tar. rugosa, G. Pl.), in which he includes C. 

 Mutisii Lame, hirsuta Pat. Pahudiana How: 

 carabayensis Wedd. and Htimtoldtiana Lame. 



' Pat. ex How. III. N. Quin. u. 9. — Guib. op. 

 cit. 169. — Hanb. op. cit. 303, 318. — C. ovata 

 erythroderma Wedd. Quinq. 61 {Casearitta colo- 

 rada de Huaranda, China rubra, Med Cinchona, 

 Med ba/rJc, Cascarilla roxa verdadera, Q. rouge 

 verruqneux and nan verruqueux, Q. rouge vif and 

 rouge pAle). 



* Wedd. Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 3, x. 6 ; Hist. Nat. 

 Quinq. 30, t. 3, 4 ; 28, fig. 1-4.— Tri. I. c. 65.— 

 Gdib. op. cit. 140, fig. 617.— Berg et Schm. 

 Barst. Off. Oew. t. 146. — C. boUviana Wedd. [Q. 

 jaune royal, Moyal yellow bark, Molivian bark, 

 Coiiex Chinee regiua). Weddell has also made 

 known thevai. Josephiana, ashrub of low stature. 



' Particularly, hesidea those mentioned here- 

 after, C. macrocalyx Pat. Pahudiana How. 

 mieraiaha E. et Pat. nitida E. et Pat. ovata E. 

 et Pat. rotimdifolia Pat. obovata Pat. &o. 



' Particularly quinidine and quinine 



(C^'H^^'N^O'), and cinohonidiae and oinohonine 

 (C2»H2<N20), and quinaraine (C^'HssN^O'). In 

 the experience of the goTemment of Madras, 

 the alcaloids presenting the least percentage of 

 failures in the treatment of fevers are, Quinine 

 7 per cent. Quinidine 6 per cent. 



' .B. angustifolium E. et Son. yields a fehri- 

 fuge and tonic bark {Cortex Chinte angustifoli<B 

 V. surinamensis), as also F. brachyca/rpum, of 

 Jamaica, B. Uneatum E. et Son. {Fcorce de Ste,- 

 Lucie),F. peruvianum H. B. (Quinquina duPerou) 

 E. cuspidatum A. S.-H. {Quina do mato), E. Sou- 

 zanum Mart. (Quina do Piauhy) F. formosvm 

 Ch. et ScHLCHTL {Q,uina do Mio-de-Janeiro) E. 

 longijlorum E. et Sen. (China carilxsa spuria oS.) 

 and F. triflorum (Cinchona trijlora Wright). 



» C. magnifolia Wedd. (C. magnifolia E. et 

 Pat. — C. oblongifoUa Mtjt. — Mmna magnifolia 

 Wedd.) yields the red Quinquina' oi Mutis 

 (GoiB. I. c. 179, fig. 625). C. maerocarpaWsnn, 

 (Muenamacrocarpa'WEDD. — C.maerocarpaY aki,. ' 

 — P C. ovalifoUa Mut.) produces the white Q. 

 of Mutis (Guib. I.e. 182, fig. 626). Triaha 

 has given (Nouv. Etud. 69) the list of Colum- 

 bian Cascarillas. 



' A spurious Brazilian quinquina (China nova 

 brasiliensis, C. de Mio-Janeiro) has been attri- 

 buted to Z. hexandra Ki. (Buena hexandra 

 Pohl). L. ovalifoUa Kl. yields the Cascarilla 

 peluda of Cuencja. Other spurious quinquinas 

 are produced by L. cava Kl. Lambertiana Kl. 

 Miedeliana Kl. ohlongifolia Kl. obtusifolia Kl. 

 ■maerocarpa Kl. dichotoma Kl. stenocarpa Kl. 

 and acutifolia Kl. (Eosenth. op. cit. 344-346), 

 many of which are Cascarillas or Lasionenias. 



