OPEEATION OF BUDDING. 



305 



the latter Is pushed below the bark of the stock until the bud 

 is actually upon the naked wood of the stock ; the upper lips 

 of the wound in the stock and that of the 

 bud are made to coincide, the whole are 

 fastened down by a ligature, and the 

 operation is complete. 



The ligature has usually been of bast, 

 applied wet ; but it is apt to become loose. 

 A better material is narrow tape, or narrow 

 adhesive straps, made as directed in a suc- 

 ceeding page (340) . White and green worsted 

 are also employed in preference to bast. 

 It is also said that for delicate operations, 

 with green parts, collodion painted over the 

 juncture of the scion and stock, forms an 

 effectual ligature. 



Fig. XLIII. 

 Shield-budding. 



By these means we gain the important 

 end of bringing in close contact a 

 considerable surface of young organizing matter. The 

 organization of wood takes place on its exterior, and that 

 of bark on its interior, surface, and these are the parts 

 which are applied to each other in the operation of budding ; 

 in addition to which the stranger bud finds itself, in its new 

 position, as freely in communication wiii. alimentary matter, or 

 more so, than on its parent branch. Union takes place of the 

 cellular faces, or horizontal system, of the stock and bark of 

 the bud, while the latter, as soon as it begins to grow, sends 

 down organizable matter, out of which wood, or tlffe vertical 

 system, is constructed. In consequence of the horizontal 

 incision, the returning sap of the scion is arrested in its course, 

 and accumulates a little just above the new bud, to which it is 

 gradually supplied as it is required. Sometimes the whole of 

 the wood of the bud below the bark is allowed to remain ; and, 

 in that case, contact between the organizing surfaces of the 

 stock and scion does not take place, and the union of the two 

 is much less certain : as it is, however, usually practised with 

 tender shoots before" the wood is consolidated, the contact 

 spoken of is of less moment. 



