588 



INDEX. 



Flowers, tendency of some to become 



double, 602 

 their action, 81 



their metamorphosisj 82 



their structure, 81 



Flowering season of certain plants may 



be changed, 513 

 Flues inferior to hot-water pipes for 



heating, 207 

 Fluids are attracted into the system of 

 plants during the night, 69 



■ ascending channel in plants, 40 



their lateral transmission, 45 



their mode of descent, 40 



Flute-budding, 308 



Food, artificial, for plants, 561 



natural, of plants, 28, 651 



power of plants to select, 27 



the amount received by a plant is 



in proportion to the size and ex- 

 tent of its roots, 369 

 Foramen, 10 

 Forces' of vegetation, 60 



adjustment of, in 



the striking of 

 cuttings, 289 

 Forcing, cause of success in the Dutch 

 method of, 218 



cherries, successful mode of, 149 



importance of a low night tem- 

 perature in, 615 



principles of, illustrated, 522 



■ vegetables, Dutch method of, 



149 

 Foreshortening, 402 



ill effects of, 405 



Forest-trees, pruning of, 400 



. true principles of managing 



them, 398 

 Forsyth's ingenious plan for striking 



cuttings, 288 

 Frost, its accumulation in valleys, 200 



its effects on plants, 110 



Frozen plants, 112 



. . good efTects of watering 



and gradually thawing 

 them, 112 



must thaw gradually, 204 



Fructification induced by an inspissated 

 state of the sap, 512 



influenced by ringing, 94 



— its removal in a young 



state strengthens the 

 functions of leaves, 105 

 may be advanced or re- 

 tarded artificially, 93 



period of its commence' 



ment in plants, 92 

 Fruit, action of leaves on, 99 

 age at which plants can bear, 93 



Fruit, an advanced stage of a flower, 96 



affected by the stock on which it is 



pi'oduced, 355 



aqueous matter in, requires decom- 



position, 167 



cause of the lim'sting or cracking 



of, 167 



cause of the weaker portion of it 



being generally thrown off, 99 



changes which it undergoes, 100, 



624 



decomposition or dissipation of 



water by, 102 



derivation of its food, 99 



differs from leaves in its appro- 



priation of the sap it receives, 

 100 



effects produced on, by ringing, 372 



exhausting action of, 98 



flavour of, improved when plants 



are grown in pots, 435 



great purpose for which it is 



formed,. 98 

 grows into branches, 86 



increases in size but diminishes in 



flavour by copious watering, 167, 

 » 678 

 its maturation, 97 



its physiological action in certain 



cases analogous to that of a leaf, 

 97 



its secretions, 100 



manure for, with time and mode of 



application, 577 



maturation of, accelerated or re- 

 tarded by diminished or excessive 

 supply of water, 102 



on what its size and excellence de- 



pend, 99 



pruning in order to produce, 362 



raising new varieties of, 487 



removal of, beneflcial in certain 



cases, 105 



ripening of succulent, 167 



the secretions of, influenced and 



partly changed by heat and light, 

 100 



very low temperature causes an 



early appearance of, 512 

 Fruit-tree border, formation of, 531 

 Functions of leaves; 59 



. termination of their 



performance, 79 

 Fungi, deleterious parasitic, 212, 223 



their ravages on crops, 176 



Garden, choice of soil for, 199 

 situation for, 200 



Garreau, M., his experiments on the func- 

 tions of the skins of plants, 59 



