BUDS 39 



quently only one bud is produced in each leaf-axil, but in some 

 instances, two or more may be present. 



6. Generally the first leaves of the bud which are outermost 

 or lowest down on the stem, are rudimentary structures, smaller 

 and different in appearance from those which unfold later. In 

 the primary bud or plumule of the bean (Fig. ii), and many 

 similar herbaceous plants, this is observable, but it is most 

 evident in buds which are met with upon perennials, such as 

 shrubs and trees. In the latter the outermost leaves of the buds 

 are generally more or less firm, tough structures, termed scales or 

 scale-leaves, which protect the interior of the bud from being in- 

 jured by frost, rain, and other agents during the winter. Buds, 

 such as those of the sycamore (Fig. 16) and pear (Fig. 17), 

 having scales are termed scaly buds, those without, such as mealy 

 guelder-rose, being known as naked buds. 



7. Buds similar to those of the bean and sycamore, previously 

 described, which develop into shoots bearing green foliage- 

 leaves, are termed leaf-buds : when met with upon trees they are 

 sometimes named wood-buds, as it is from them that new woody 

 twigs are produced. Many buds, however, on opening, give rise 

 to flowers only, and are termed flower-buds : a third kind is met 

 with producing short shoots bearing both green leaves and 

 flowers ; these are mixed-buds. Among gardeners the two 

 latter forms are known as fruit-buds, as it is from them that 

 fruit is obtained. The general appearance and development 

 of a mixed bud from a pear tree is illustrated in Figs. 17 

 and 18. 



It is not possible in all cases to distinguish fruit-buds and 

 wood-buds by their outward appearance, although for budding and 

 pruning operations and the general management of fruit-trees it 

 is desirable to do so. In apples and pears the wood-buds are 

 small and pointed, the fruit-buds being blunter, more plump, 

 and of larger size. In cherries and plums both kinds are very 

 similar in appearance in winter, and it is only in spring when 



