62 THE VEGETATIVE SHOOT 



terminate in a thorn : the buds of the shrub are not always 

 opposite ; bud-scales dark reddish-brown. 

 Privet {Ligustrum vulgare L.). Without thorns; buds much 

 smaller than the preceding, and their scales dark olive-brown ; 

 leaves often remain on all winter. 

 ** Bud scales hairy, especially at the tips. 



Common maple {Acer campestre L. ). The twigs are stiffer than 

 the two preceding shrubs ; hairy when young ; older parts of 

 bark with longitudinal cracks or fissures, 

 (c) Twigs stiflfer and thicker ; terminal buds usually much larger than 

 the lateral ones. • 

 Horse-cliestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum L. ). Buds brown 

 in spring, covered with a sticky resinous substance ; large 

 triangular leaf-scar. 

 Sycamore (Acer Pseudo-plaianus L.). Bud-scales yellowish-green i 



with dark-brown margins and tips ; leaf-scar well marked. 

 Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.). Bud-scales pinkish or 

 reddish-brown, sometimes greenish at their bases ; leaf-scar 

 narrower than in sycamore. 

 4. Several bud-scales viaible, very loosely arranged. 



Elder (Sambucus nigra L. ). Twigs pale brownish-grey, with longi- 

 tudinal ridges and distinct lenticels ; bud-scales brownish-red and 

 puckered ; very wide spongy pith. 

 Honeysuckle (Lonicera Periclymenum L.). The young twigs which 

 climb up and wind round supports are shining and cylindrical, with 

 a hollow pith. Bud-scales brownish-green. 



GROUP II. 



BUDS ALTERNATE; ARRANGED IN TWO LONGITUDINAL ROWS 

 ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE TWIGS (Fig. 27). 

 The following belong to this group ; — 



Spanish chestnut. Elms. 



Limes. Beech. 



Hazel. Hornbeam and (Bitch). 



I. Buds roundish-oval : each about twice as long as broad. 

 (a) Visible bud-scales few (one or two). 



* Young twigs with longitudinal ridges or angles. 

 Spanish chestnut [Castanea vulgaris Lam.). Twigs deep red 

 or reddish-green, straight : the buds are placed not immedi- 

 ately above the distinct leaf-scar, but slightly on one 

 side. 



