BUDS ALTERNATE 63 



** Young twigs cylindrical ; one large and one small bud-scale 



to each bud. 

 Cowxa.011 lime (Tilia vulg-an's llayne). Twigs smooth, blood-red 

 or orange-red, with a shining surface, somewhat long and 

 bowed. 

 Small-leaved lime (T. farvifolia Ehrh). Similar to the pre- 

 ceding species, but bark lighter colour and a smaller 

 tree. 

 Broad-leaved lime {T. platyphyllos Scop.). Twigs slightly hairy : 

 a larger tree than T. parvifolia'pXah. 

 (b) Several bud-scales visible. 



* Buds flattened on one side ; bud-scales pale, brown- 

 ish, or reddish-green. 

 Hazel {Corylus Avellana L.). Young twigs haiiy and 



with a few stalked glands. 

 ** Buds rounder and more pointed ; bud-scales dark 



brown or dark maroon. 

 Common elm {Ulmtis campestris Sm.). Young twigs 

 more or less hairy ; older twigs with fine rich 

 brown-coloured fissures on the bark. A variety 

 (K suberosa Sm.) with longitudinal thick ridges of 

 cork is met with. 

 Wyoh elm iU. montana With.). Twigs and buds 

 similar to the preceding, but twice or three times 

 the size. The leaf-scars are large. 

 Buds pointed, often three or more times as long as broad. 

 Beech {Fagus sylvatica L.). Twigs slender, smooth ; the 

 buds are usually over half an inch long, round in section, 

 and jut out from the stem. 

 Hornbeam {Carpinus Betulus L.). The buds lie closer to 

 the stem, and are not nearly so long as those of beech ; 

 they are also slightly angular in section. 



Birch possesses twigs and buds somewhat similar Fig. 27.— Twigof 



TT , .11 T ... 1 1 . ^ Spanish chestnut 



to Hornbeam, and although it belongs to Oroup showing alternate 



III., it sometimes has buds nearly arranged as in arrangement of 



Group II., and may be noticed here. 



Birch {Beiula alba L.). The twigs are slender and elastic : in some 



varieties they are hairy, in others covered with small resinous 



tubercles. 



