BUDS ARRANGED SPIRALLY 65 



4. Buds sessile, with apparently only one large bud-scale (really two 



united). 



Willows {Salix Sp.). The willow hybridises so freely that it is im- 

 possible to distinguish all of them by characters of the buds and 

 twigs alone. 



The following, however, may be mentioned : — 



Those with hairy buds : — 



Osier (Salix viminalis L. ). Buds of unequal size ; older twigs 

 smooth and shining. 



Sallow (S. cinerea L.). Very soft hairy twigs and large buds. 



White Willow (i'. alba L.). Very small buds; older twigs reddish- 

 grey and dull. 



Those with smooth buds : — 



Crack or Redwood Willow [S. fmgilis L.). Twigs brown and 

 polished ; buds almost black. 



Bay-leaved Willow (S. fentandra L.). Similar to above, but buds 

 brown. 



Rose Willow {S. purpurea L.). Very long pointed buds. 



Great Sallow {S. caprea L.). Short, plump, yellowish or reddish buds. 



5. Buds sesBlIe, each with several visible bud- scales. Twigs with 



spines (hairs and emergences) upon them, but no spiny branches 

 present, 

 (a) Spines straight, situated just below the buds only. 



Gooseberry {Ribes Grossularia L.). Twigs round, light yellowish- 

 grey ; buds pointed and slightly stalked. 

 Barberry [_Berberis vulgaris]^.). Young twigs, with slight longi- 

 tudinal ridges, thin ; buds bluntish at tips, and sessile. 

 (i) Spines with stout bases, tips bent backwards usually, and irregu- 

 larly arranged on the twigs. 

 Wild Dog -Rose (Rosa canina L.). Twigs round; buds smooth, 



roundish, blunt-tipped. 

 Blackberry {Rubus fruticosus L. ). Twigs angular ; buds hairy, 

 longer, and more pointed ; spines very irregularly placed. 

 (f) Many small soft spines, and hairs on twigs. 



Raspberry i^Rubus L/teus L.). Twigs pale reddish or yellowish- 

 brown, shining ; bud-scales loosely arranged. 



6. Buds sessile ; several bud-scales visible. 



(a) Bud-scales green, with narrow brown edges. 



Wild Service Tree (Pytus torminalis Ehrh.). Buds oval, bluntish 



tips, smooth, and somewhat flattened on one side. 

 White Beam {Pyrtis Aria Sm.). Buds hairy at tip, longer than 

 the preceding, and pointed ; bud-scales keeled. 

 E 



