BUDDING AND GRAFTING 263 



Budding and grafting are processes mostly applied in practice 

 to woody dicotyledons ; herbaceous plants may, however, be 

 made to unite satisfactorily. Attempts to graft monocotyledons 

 with each other rarely succeed. 



One species of plant can often be successfully grafted on a 

 totally distinct species, as, for example, the peach on the plum, 

 the apple on the pear, the pear on the quince, and the tomato 

 on the potato. Moreover, certain species belonging to different 

 genera unite and grow satisfactorily, as the medlar on the 

 hawthorn, and the Spanish chestnut on the oak. Apparently, 

 however, only plants can be grafted on each other successfully 

 when they belong to the same Family or Order. 



Although a variety of pear, whether grafted on the quince, 

 apple, wild pear or other stock, remains a pear and possesses 

 all the special characters for which it is grown, the scion is 

 nevertheless influenced in the size and flavour of its fruit, in 

 the earliness or lateness of its fruit-bearing power, its habit of 

 growth, and in other ways, by the stock on which it is grafted. 

 Similar influence of the stock on the scion and its produce, is 

 observable in most other fruit trees, and appears to be connected 

 with the mechanical difficulty of transport of the food material 

 through the wood at the point of union of stock and scion. 



Fruit trees on their own roots are less fruitful and the fruit is 

 of poorer quality than that obtained from the same variety of 

 tree grafted on another appropriate stock. 



For the production of dwarf trees which fruit at an early age 

 the pear is usually grafted on the quince and similarly the apple 

 is grafted on the so-called ' Paradise ' stock, a name given to 

 certain surface-rooting dwarf varieties of apple. 



Where larger trees are required which do not fruit so soon but 

 which are of greater longevity than dwarfs, the pear is grafted on 

 stocks raised either from seeds of the wild pear or from common 

 varieties of pear used in the manufacture of perry, and the apple 

 is grafted on stocks raised from seeds of the crab or wild apple. 



