BUDDING AND GRAFTING 



267 



ness, the latter where the scions are grafted upon much thicker 

 branches and stems. 



In tongue-grafting the scion is first cut with a long sloping cut 

 2 or 3 inches long, and then notched as at b. Fig. 95. The stock 

 is treated in a similar manner so that when placed together the 

 scion and stock fit as at II, Fig. 95. The two parts are subse- 

 quently bandaged firmly, and the wound 

 covered either with grafting-wax or clay 

 to exclude air and rain. 



As soon as the buds on the scion have 

 grown into shoots 6 or 8 inches long the 

 bandages and covering should be care- 

 fully removed, and the scion and stock 

 tied to a supporting stake. 



In crown-grafting one or more scions 

 are cut with long sloping cuts and then 

 inserted into longitudinal slits 2 inches 

 long, cut through the bark of the stock 

 as shown in Fig. 96. The wounded 

 parts are then bound and covered with 

 clay or wax as in tongue-grafting. 



The growths from bulbs, tubers, cuttings, 

 grafted buds and scions are, strictly speak- 

 ing, not new plants, but simple exten- 

 sions of the body of the parent which produced them : with 

 rare exceptions, they possess the same morphological and 

 physiological characters as the plant from which they were 

 derived. Whatever qualities the parent possesses which make 

 it valuable, the same are met with in the plants derived from 

 it by the various methods just described, and it is largely on 

 account of this fact that the farmer, gardener, and nurseryman 

 makes use of the power of vegetative reproduction. 



Plants raised from tfie seeds of choice varieties of apple, pear, 

 cherry and other fruit trees usually differ very widely from their 



Fig. 96. — Diagram illus- 

 trating mode of crown-graft- 

 ing, b Prepared scion ; a stock 

 with three scions inserted. 



