FOR PERMANENT PASTURE 563 



The plants available for long leys and permanent pastures 



are : — 



Clovers. 



(i) (ii) 



Short-lived. Permanent, 



Red Clover. White Clover. 



Alsike Clover. Bird's-Foot Trefoil. 



Black Medick, 



Grasses. 



Short-lived. Permanent. 



Italian Rye-grass. Rough-stalked Meadow-grass. 



Perennial Rye-grass. Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass. 



Timothy. Cocksfoot. 



Tall Oat-grass. Meadow Fescue. 



Meadow Foxtail. 



Crested Dogstail. 



Golden Oat-grass. 



Sheep's Fescue. 



Hard Fescue. 



Which of these species, and how many of them should be 

 selected for any particular ley, will depend upon the soil, the 

 duration of the ley, and the purpose which the latter is intended 

 to serve. If for mowing chiefly, about two-thirds of the ground 

 allotted to the grasses in the above tables, (a) and {b), should be 

 given to ' top-grasses ' ; whereas if the pasture is intended mainly 

 for grazing, the 'top-grasses' may be conveniently reduced to 

 one-half. 



On light soils the amount of 'bottom-grasses' should be 

 slightly increased in order to keep the moisture on the land, 

 but in damp soils they should be decreased. 



As a rule, the larger the number of species in a mixture the 

 better, because when one grass fails on account of the dampness 



