23 



abroad. The same workers gave further accounts of their ob- 

 servations later (Carter, Matthews, Mackinnon, and Smith (1918) ; 

 Yorke (1918, 1919) ; Matthews and Smith (1919, 1919 a) ; Smith 

 (1919)). The last two reports published by Matthew^ and Smith 

 in 1919 contain their final results in detail, and it is from these 

 that the following figures have been mainly compiled. 



(1) Civilians in Liverpool Eoyal Infirm aet. 



At this institution 450 cases — chiefly surgical — were examined. 

 None of the patients had ever been abroad. The series included 

 men, women, and children, selected at random. Only ' a com- 

 paratively small number' had been admitted for intestinal 

 ailments. The stools were examined only once apiece for the 

 whole series, and the findings recorded were as follows : 



Total No. of cases examined 450 



Infected with : per cent. 



Entamoeba histolytica . . . . . . ]'5 



E. coli 6.7 



Endolimax nana ...... 2-4 



lodamoeba biiischlii ....... 1 case 



r Giardia intesiinalis ....... 6-0 



Chilomastix mesnili ....... 1.5 



(2) Army Recruits. 



More than a thousand young army recruits who had never 

 been out of England were examined in this series. They were 

 stationed near Liverpool, and had been in camp for times ranging 

 from a few days up to five months. Only one examination per 

 case was made, and the total findings were as follows : 



Total No. of cases examined 

 Infected with : 



Entamoeba histolytica 



E. coli 



Endolimax nana 



lodamoeba biltschlii . 



Giardia intestinalis . 



Chilomastix mesnili . 



1,098 



per cent. 

 5-6 

 18-2 

 5-5 

 0.4 

 7.0 

 2 cases 



(3) Children. 



' Material for the investigation was obtained at the Liverpool 

 Infirmary for Children, where all the patients are under 12 

 years of age. The cases examined were in hospital for various 

 diseases, the great majority being non-intestinal' None had 

 ever been abroad, and the total findings, based on a single 

 examination per case, were as follows : 



