Coitus or Galgulus — Graculi 91 



(otherwise than it is in Picus), and the legs were short, 

 the head was upright, the beak rather long. As to whether 

 this may have been a kind of Galgulus, I do not certify, 

 but I suspect it to have been. 



Of the Graculi. 



Erasmus in his very learned work on Proverbs, as often 

 as Ko\oio<i occurs (and it occurs not seldom) renders it by 

 Graculus, in this thing following by no means Theodoras 

 Gaza — though at other times he does so freely — who in every 

 case renders ko\oio<; by Monedula. And in this thing I also 

 have determined for divers reasons here to imitate Erasmus 

 rather than Gaza. 



Aristotle according to the translation of 



Gaza. 



Of Monedulae there are three sorts : the first, 

 which is called Graculus, in size as big- as Cornix 

 with a curved red bill. The next, also named Lupus, 

 small, and a mimic. The third, which is well known 

 in Lydia and Phrygia, is web-footed. 



Now the first kind of Graculi, which the Greeks call 

 KopaKba<;, is the Pyrrhocorax of Pliny and the Cornish Choghe 

 of Englishmen, eyn bergdol of the Germans. It is a little 

 smaller than the Cornix, with a yellow bill\ not large, and 

 somewhat hooked towards the tip, it is abundant in the Alps 

 and in Cornwall in England. It has a sharper and more 

 querulous cry than the Monedula. The second sort called 

 \vico<; and ^co/ioXoxo'i in Greek, is by the Latins strictly 

 named Monedula, as if it were Monetula, from the Moneta 

 [money] which alone of birds, as Pliny says, it steals. The 

 three kinds do not all steal gold— only the second does — 



1 Here there is an evident confusion between the Chough {Pyrrho- 

 corax graculus) with its red bill, and the yellow-billed Alpine Chough 

 {P. alpinus). 



