BACTERIOLOGY IN A NUTSHELL. 



Behring 

 Sanctions 

 "Chemical 

 Union." 



Exception 

 Taken by 

 Other Workers. 



Antitoxic 

 Serums. 



Antibacterial 

 Serums. 



stimulating effect on animal tissues. Behring, 

 the discoverer of antitoxin, has always asserted 

 his firm belief in the theory of chemical union. 

 Other investigators, among them Metchnikoff, 

 the discoverer of phagocytosis, take exception 

 to this view. These men hold the belief that 

 "antitoxins stimulate the phagocytes to an in- 

 creased absorption and consequent destruction 

 of the poisons of bacteria (toxins). , Each of 

 these theories has its own exponents among the 

 most learned workers of the present day. The 

 value of the activities of the phagocytes in 

 certain diseases is acknowledged by investiga- 

 tors along this line. As to the opsonins, it has 

 been developed through these investigations, 

 that "the work of the phagocytes as destroyers 

 and ingestors of bacteria is greatly increased 

 by these properties (opsonins) contained in the 

 serum of the blood" (Wright). 



(A) Cttrative Injections. 



In passive serum therapy (passive immuniza- 

 tion) (i) injections are given with antitoxic 

 serums, namely those of diphtheria, tetanus, 

 plague, tuberculosis, typhoid and streptococcus 

 infections. 



(2) With antibacterial serums; namely 

 typhoid, cholera, plague, dysentery, streptococ- 

 cus, staphylococcus and pneumococcus in- 

 fections. 



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