BACTERIOLOGY IN A NUTSHELL. 

 ANTI-TYPHOID VACCINE. 



At as early a period as 1896, when Pfeiffer, 

 of Germany, began his work of investigation, 

 anti-typhoid inoculation has been advocated. 

 To Sir Almoth E. Wright, however, is due 

 the credit for placing the method on a firm 

 foundation. This he accomplished by his suc- 

 cessful demonstrations among the soldiers in 

 the British Army in India, and also in Africa 

 during the Boer War. Since that period and 

 up to the present year (19 10) the work has 

 been successfully carried on in both the British 

 and United States Armies. The mortality rate 

 has been decreased from 28.3 per thousand 

 among the un vaccina ted to 3.8 per thousand 

 among the vaccinated. At Peshawur, India, 

 Colonel Skinner, of the Royal Army Medical 

 Corps, reported an epidemic of typhoid fever 

 that was cut short by using anti-typhoid inocu- 

 lations in seventy (70) per cent of the com- 

 mand in connection with sanitary methods. 

 Statistics, also, show that in cases (which are 

 rare) where a patient who has been inoculated 

 takes the disease, it runs a brief and very mild 

 course. 



Major Russell, of the U. S. Army, reports 

 that up to June i, 191 o, 8,510 persons had been 

 treated by anti-typhoid inoculation. Among 

 these very few serious reactions occurred. Not 

 any bad results have been reported and there 

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