368 EDWARD S. MORSE ON 



Scliulgin found only females in Cistella; Kowalevski, however, states that he found a 

 number of males, but Schulgin asserts that the organs found by Kowalevski preclude 

 all possibility of hermaphroditism. In T. septentrionalis, the spermaries are found in 

 the lacunae of the pallium, every portion being filled with this substance (58: 11). 

 When the spermaries arise from the genital bands upon which is found the accessory 

 "heart of Hancock," they appear in the form of a cluster of long threads converging 

 to a common centre of attachment, either upon the accessory heart or in its very immedi- 

 ate vicinity. These threads to the number of hundreds form a rounded tuft-hke mass 

 twice the diameter of the nephridium at its junction with the nephrostome. The 

 relation of this spermary tuft to the nephridium is shown at 58: 7. These threads have 

 a knob-like glandular tip colored a deep reddish-yellow (39: 10, also 58: 9,10). Just 

 below this glandular tip is a fusiform mass of cells which tapers gradually and occupies 

 one fourth the length of the thread ; these cells are masses of spermatozoa attached by 

 their heads. The threads are a proliferation from the genital band identical with what 

 was seen in D. lamellosa. The spaces between these threads are filled with a granular 

 protoplasmic mass (58 : 8) . In some instances the spermary masses are not cylindrically 

 fusiform. This appearance is due to the separation of clusters of spermatozoa from the 

 mass. The spermary threads enlarge at their ends and are sometimes bent. No eggs 

 were found in specimens bearing these spermary tufts. In specimens in which the 

 pallial lacunae were filled with eggs, the genital bands were also found supporting 

 clusters of eggs; so in individuals in which the spermary tufts were present, the pallial 

 lacunae were also packed with spermatozoa, the little reddish-yellow cells being inter- 

 spersed in the mass (58: 11). The clusters of spermary threads I have found only in 

 Terebratulina. Where should we look for a similar structure in other groups of the 

 animal kingdom? Lang ('96) describes the genitalia of worms as cellular thickenings, 

 sometimes massive knobs, or tufts of strands. Gegenbaur, in his " Elements," in describ- 

 ing the form elements of the sperm in echinoderms, says that they are ver}' generally 

 filamentous structures provided with a small head. The testes of Lumbricus, according to 

 Bloomfield ('80) arise in pairs on each side of a median line, and these start from a mem- 

 brane much as they do in the Testicardines. There are two pairs and each cell of the 

 testis itself is the source of many spermatozoa. He applies the name spermatospore to 

 the constituent cell of the testis. The spermatoblasts, as a rule, stand out like buds from 

 the cells which generate them. "When the spermatoblasts have reached a suitable size 

 the coat of protoplasm, which has been enveloping the nucleus, begins in each case to 

 collect a small cup or knob-like mass at the distal end." This description, as I shall 

 presently show is certainly like the granular appearance seen on the accessory vesicles of 

 TerebratuHna during genital activity. It may he observed that these bodies described by 



