PTEROBRANCHIA 23 



Oil specimens dredged by Canon Norman in 90 fathoms, oif the 

 Shetland Islands. The structure of Rhabdopleura has been 

 described by Sars/ Lankester,^ and Fowler,^ B. normani is 

 common in certain Norwegian Fjords, at depths of 40 fathoms 

 or more, and has been recorded by Fowler from the Tristan 

 d'Acuuha group in the S. Atlantic ; B. compacta has been found 

 off the N.E. coast of Ireland * and near Eoscoff, on the N. coast of 

 Brittany ; while forms described by Jullien ^ as B. grimalclii and 

 B. manubialis have been dredged off the Azores. I have recently 

 found a fragment of Bhahdopleura from South Australia. It is 

 doubtful how far these species are distinct. 



Cei^halodiscus dodecalopihus ^ was found in the Straits of 

 Magellan, during the "Challenger" voyage, at a depth of 245 

 fathoms, and has recently been rediscovered in shallower water in 

 the same neighbourhood by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition. 

 Another Cephcdodiscus, at present un described, has been obtained 

 by Dr. Levinsen from 100 fathoms off the coast of Japan ; while 

 the Dutch expedition carried out by the " Siboga " has resulted in 

 the discovery of two other specimens, one from a reef close to low- 

 tide mark on the coast of Borneo, the other from 41-52 fathoms 

 off Celebes. These three specimens differ markedly from one 

 another and from the " Challenger " specimen of G. dodecalophus, 

 and it is probable that they all belong to new species. The 

 occurrence of a deep-sea animal at a great distance from the 

 locality at which it was first found is not in itself a matter for 

 great surprise ; but in the present instance two of the newly 

 discovered forms are from shallow water, and one of them is 

 actually littoral. The occurrence of so many species of Cepha- 

 lodiscus in Oriental waters suggests that the Pacific or the 

 Indian Ocean may be the headquarters of the genus, which 

 may prove to be far less of a rarity than has hitherto been 



^ "Remarkable forms of Animal Life,'' i. Christiania Univ.- Program for the 

 first half-year, 1869 ; and Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xiv. 1874, p. 23. 



2 Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xxiv. 1884, p. 622. * 



^ Proc. Moy. Soc. lii. 1893, p. 132 ; Festschr. 70 ten. Geburtstage P. Leuclarts, 

 4to, Leipzig, 1892, p. 293. 



* Hincks, Hist. Brit. Marine Polysoa, vol. i. 1880, p. 581. 



■'' P^s. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, Bryozoaires, 1903, p. 23. 



« Challenger Reports, Part Ixii. 1887. See also Masterman in Quart. J. Micr. 

 Sci. xl. 1898, p. 340 ; xlvi. 1903, p. 715 ; Rep. Brit. Ass. (1898), 1899, p. 914 ; Tr. 

 P. Soc. Minb. xxxix. 1900, p. 507 ; and the notes in the Zool. Anz. xx. 1897, 

 pp. 342, 443, 505 ; xxii. 1899, pp. 359, 361 ; and xxvi. 1903, pp. 368, 593. 



