MALACOPTERYGII 



563 



(ii.) Engraulinae. — Mouth moderate or large ; praemaxillaries 

 very small ; maxillaries large, with narrow supplemental bones, 

 more or less firmly attached to praemaxillaries ; branchiostegals 

 6 to 19 ; abdomen rounded or more or less compressed, with or 

 without serration ; no lateral line. Eecent genera : Dussumderia, 

 Etrumeus, JEngraulis, Cetcngraulis, Heterofhrissa, Coilia. Fossil : 

 Spaniodon, Upper Cretaceous. 



(iii.) Clupeinae. — Mouth small or moderate ; maxillaries freely 

 movable behind the praemaxillaries, usually with large supple- 

 mental bones ; branchiostegals 5 to 1 ; abdomen usually serrated ; 

 lateral line usually absent. Eecent genera : Clupea, Hyperlofhus 

 {Biplomystus), Opistlionema, Brevoortia, Pellonula, Chtpeichthys, 

 Odaxothrissa, Pellona, Chirocentrodon, Pristigaster, Baconda, 

 Chatoessus. Fossil : Pseudoheryx, Histiothrissa, Scombroclupea, 

 Leptichthys, Upper Cretaceous. 



(iv.) Chaninae. — Mouth small, toothless ; maxillaries firmly 



C D 



Fig. 341.— Showing the wide range of variation, within the family, of the bones (pm, 

 praemaxillary, m, maxillary) forming tlie upper border of the mouth. A, D^issu- 

 mieria; B, Goilia; C, Pellona; D, Chatoessus; E, Chanos. In these semi-diagram- 

 matio figures the orbit is represented of the same size in all, as affording the best term 

 of comparison in judging of the relative development of the bones of the upper jaw, 



attached to praemaxillaries ; branchiostegals 4, very broad ; 

 abdomen rounded or flattened; lateral line distinct. Chanos, 

 recent ; Chanoides, Upper Eocene ; Proclianos, Cretaceous. 



