576 TELEOSTEI chap. 



C. Serrasalmoninab. — Carnivorous ; teeth strong ; belly serrated ; scales 

 cycloid. American : Serrasalmo, Myletes, Mylms, Metynnis, Gatoprion. 



B. IcHTHYOBORiNAB. — Oarnivorous ; teeth strong ; maxillary very small ; 

 upper jaw movable ; scales ciliated. African : Eugnathichthys, 

 Paraphago, Mesohorus, Phago, Ichthyoborus, Neoborus. 



E. XiPHOSTOMiNAE. — Carnivorous ; teeth very small ; maxillary rather 



small ; scales ciliated. American : Xiphostoma. 



F. Anostominae. — Herbivorous, entirely or partially ; teeth well de- 



veloped in both jaws ; maxillary very small ; gill-openings narrow ; 

 scales cycloid. American : Anostomits, Leporinus, Characidmrn, 

 Chorimycteriis, Nanostomus, Nanognathus. 



G. Hemiodontinae. — Partially herbivorous ; dentition imperfect ; maxil- 



lary well developed ; scales cycloid. American : Hemiodus, Caeno- 



tropis, Saccodon, Parodon. 

 H. Distichodoniinae. — Entirely or partially herbivorous ; teeth small but 



well developed ; maxillary well developed ; scales ciliated. African : 



Nannaethiops, Neolebias, Bistichodus, Nannocliarax, Xenocharax. 

 I. CiTHARlNlNAE. — Herbivorous ; teeth minute or absent ; maxillary 



small ; scales cycloid or ciliated. African : Citharinus, Githaridium. 



American : Prochilodus, Gnrimatus. 



Fig. 348. — Distribution of the Cliaracinidae. 



The genera in the above sub-families are mostly founded on 

 the dentition and the extent of the praemaxillary and maxillary 

 bones, wliicli are astonishingly varied, as may be seen from the 

 annexed figures showing the open mouths of a few of the most 

 remarkable types. As I have already pointed out, the character 

 often given as diagnostic of this family, viz. the maxillary 

 forming part of the oral border, is not absolutely constant ; this 

 bone is often much reduced, and it is entirely excluded from the 

 mouth in Ichthyoborus and Neolorus. The branchiostegal rays 



